An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
radiocarbon dating
  سن‌یابی ِ پرتو-کربونی   
senn yâbi-ye partow-karboni

Fr.: datation au radiocarbone   

A radioactive dating technique, applied to organic materials, which measures the content of the radioactive isotope of carbon 14C. The radioactive carbon isotopes created by the impact of cosmic rays with the nitrogen atoms of the atmosphere find their way, via carbon dioxide and photosynthesis, into living material. When an organic material dies it ceases to acquire further 14C atoms, and its 14C fraction declines at a fixed exponential rate due to the radioactive decay of 14C. Comparing the remaining 14C fraction of a sample to that expected from atmospheric 14C allows the age of the sample to be estimated.

radiocarbon; → dating.

radioelement
  پرتو-بن‌پار   
partow bonpâr

Fr.: radioélément   

An element, such as uranium, whose isotopes are all radioactive.

radio; → element.

radiography
  پرتونگاری   
partow-negâri (#)

Fr.: radiographie   

The process of producing an image on a sensitive surface by radiation such as X-rays or gamma rays passing through an object.

radio + → -graphy.

radioisotope
  پرتو-ایزوتوپ   
partow-izotop

Fr.: radioisotope   

A synonym for radionuclide.

radio; → isotope.

radiology
  پرتوشناسی   
partowšenâsi (#)

Fr.: radiologie   

The study and use of radiation and radioactive substances for the treatment of diseases.

radio; + → -logy.

radiolysis
  پرتولس   
partowlas

Fr.: radiolyse   

The dissociation of molecules by radiation, for example in a reactor core, when the water used for cooling breaks down into hydrogen and oxygen.

From → radio + -lysis a combining form denoting "breaking down, loosening, decomposition," → analysis.

radiometer
  تابش‌سنج   
tâbeš-sanj (#)

Fr.: radiomètre   

An instrument that measures the intensity of radiant energy.

radio; → -meter.

radiometric dating
  سن‌یابی ِ تابش‌سنجیک، ~ تابش‌سنجی   
senn yâbi-ye tâbeš-sanjik, ~ tâbeš-sanji

Fr.: datation radiométrique   

A dating method that uses measurements of certain radioactive isotopes to calculate the ages in years (absolute age) of rocks and minerals.

radiometer; → dating.

radiometry
  تابش‌سنجی   
tâbeš- sanji (#)

Fr.: radiométrie   

The detection and measurement of radiant energy, either as separate wavelengths or integrated over a broad wavelength band, and the interaction of radiation with matter in such ways as absorption, reflection, and emission.

radio + → -metry.

Tâbeš-sanji, from tâbeš, →radiation, + -sanj-metry.

radionuclide
  پرتو-هسته‌وار   
partow-hastevâr

Fr.: radionucléide   

A radioactive → nuclide.

radio + → nuclide.

radiosonde
  رادیو-گمانه   
râdio gomâné

Fr.: sonde radio   

A meteorological instrument that is carried aloft by a balloon to measure and send back information on atmospheric temperature, pressure, and humidity via radio to a ground receiving system.

radio + sonde, from Fr. sonde "sounding line."

radio; gomâné "a probe, a shaft sunk in order to ascertain the depth of the water when making a subterraneous canal," from Proto-Iranian *vi-mā-, from vi- "apart, away from, out" (cf. Av. vi-; O.Pers. viy- "apart, away;" Skt. vi- "apart, asunder, away, out;" L. vitare "to avoid, turn aside") + mā- "to measure" (cf. O.Pers./Av. mā(y)- "to measure;" Mod.Pers. mâ/mun/mân "measure," as in Pers. terms âz- "to test;" pirâmun "perimeter," âzmun "test, trial," peymân "measuring, agreement," peymâné "a measure; a cup, bowl;" PIE base *me- "to measure;" cf. Skt. mati "measures," matra- "measure;" Gk. metron "measure;" L. metrum).

radium
  رادیوم   
râdiom (#)

Fr.: radium   

A radioactive metallic chemical element; symbol Ra. Atomic number 88; atomic weight 226.0254; melting point 700°C; boiling point 1,140°C. Discovered in 1898 by Marie Sklodowska Curie in an ore of pitchblende. In 1911 Curie and André Debierne successfully isolated radium by electrolysis.

N.L., from L. rad(ius)" ray, beam" → radius + -ium a noun suffix.

radius
  شعاع   
šo'â' (#)

Fr.: rayon   

Of a circle, any straight line segment extending from the center to a point on the circumference.
Of a sphere, any straight line segment extending from the center to a point on the surface.
Of a regular polygon, the radius of the circle circumscribed about the polygon.

From L. radius "staff, spoke of a wheel, beam of light," of unknown origin.

Šo'â', loan from Ar.

radius of gyration
  شعاع ِ لرش   
šo'â'-e lereš

Fr.: gyrorayon   

Same as → Larmor radius.

radius; → gyration.

radius vector
  بردار ِ شعاعی   
bordâr-e šo'â'i (#)

Fr.: rayon vecteur   

Math.: In a system of polar or spherical coordinates, a line joining a point to the origin.
Astro.: A line drawn from a central body to a satellite object in any position in its orbit.

radius; → vector.

radix
  پایه   
pâyé (#)

Fr.: base   

The base of a number system; thus 2 is the radix of the binary system, 10 the radix of the decimal system, 12 the radix of the duodecimal system.

From L. radix "root;" akin to Gk. rhiza "root;" cf. O.N. rot "root," O.E. wyrt "plant, herb;" E. radish.

Pâyé "basis, foundation; step," from "foot, step" (from Mid.Pers. pâd, pây; Av. pad- "foot;" cf. Skt. pat; Gk. pos, genitive podos; L. pes, genitive pedis; P.Gmc. *fot; E. foot; Ger. Fuss; Fr. pied; PIE *pod-/*ped-).

radon
  رادون   
râdon (#)

Fr.: radon   

A gaseous radioactive chemical element; symbol Rn. Atomic number 86; mass number of most stable isotope 222; melting point about -71°C; boiling point -61.8°C. Radon was discovered in 1900 by the German chemist Friedrich Ernst Dorn and it was first isolated in 1910 by the Scottish chemist William Ramsay and the English chemist Robert Whytlaw-Gray. The longest half-life associated with this unstable element is 3.8 day.

The name indicates its origin from → radium. It had first been called radium emanation or just emanation (with chemical symbol Em) because it was a decay product of radium. Ramsay subsequently suggested the name "niton" (with chemical symbol Nt), which means "shining" in Latin. It was finally changed to radon in 1923.

raft
  سل   
sal (#)

Fr.: radeau   

A flat structure made up of a collection of logs or planks fastened together for floating or transportation on water.

M.E. rafte, rafter, from O.N. raptr "log."

Sal "raft," probably related to PIE base *sel-, *swel- "beam, board," cf. Gk. selma "beam;" O.E. syll "beam, large timber," O.N. svill "framework of a building," M.L.G. sull, O.H.G. swelli, Ger. Schwelle "sill," and also akin to Mid.Pers. sard "ladder," Pers. dialectal variants (Lârestâni) se, si "ladder," (Gilaki, Tâleqâni) sardi, (Qazvini) sorda, (Hamedâni) serda, (Kâšâni) sart, sârda, serde, and others all meaning "ladder."

rain
  باران   
bârân (#)

Fr.: pluie   

Water that is condensed from the aqueous vapor in the atmosphere and falls to earth in drops greater than 0.5 mm in diameter.

M.E. rein; O.E. regn; cf. O.S. regan; O.N. regn; M.Du. reghen; Ger. Regen; maybe cognate with Pers. (Tabari) rag "thunder;" (Šahmirzâdi, Semnâni, Sorxe-yi) rak "thunder;" (Gilaki) râk "cloudburst;" L. rigare "to wet, moist;" PIE *reg- "rain, damp."

Bârân, from bâridan "to rain;" Mid.Pers. vârân "rain," vâritan "to rain;" Av. vār- "rain; to rain;" cf. Skt. vār- "rain, water; to rain;" L. urinari "to plunge under water, to dive;" Gk. ourein "to urinate;" PIE base *uer- "water, rain, river."

rain and snow mixed
  شلیو   
šaliv

Fr.: mélange de pluie et de neige   

A precipitation consisting of rain and partially melted snow. It usually occurs when the temperature of the air layer near the ground is slightly above freezing. Called sleet in British English speaking countries, but not in the United States where the term has a different meaning in meteorology.

rain; → snow; → mix.

Šaliv, of dialectal origin, Kurd. šalêwa "rain and snow mixed," Aftari šelâp, Qasrâni šelâb with the same meaning, Tabari šalâb "strong cloudburst." The first element šal, šel, šor, šâr, âbšâr, šâridan "to flow." The second element iv, êw, âp, âb, → water.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>