An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
rarefied gas
  گاز ِ آلریده   
gâz-e âlaridé

Fr.: gaz raréfié   

A gas whose pressure is much less than a reference pressure.

Past participle of → rarefy; → gas.

rarefy
  آلریدن   
âlaridan

Fr.: raréfier   

1) To make less dense.
2) To become less dense; become thinned.
Related concepts: → attenuate, → dilute, → decompress.

M.E. rarefien, from M.Fr. rarefier, from rare, combining form of rarus "loose, wide apart, thin, infrequent."

Alaridan, infinitive of âlar, from intensive/nuance prefix â- + lar "thin, meagre" (Dehxodâ), Lori, Laki larr, larrek "thin cow or sheep," Kurd. lerr "thin, lean," variants of laqar (Torbat-Heydariyé), lâqar "lean, meagre, slender; weak."

Rasalgethi (α Herculis)
  رأس‌الجاثی   
Ra's-el-jâsi (#)

Fr.: Rasalgethi   

The brightest star in the constellation → Hercules. It is a → red supergiant of type M5 (surface temperature about 3300 K) lying at a distance of 380 light-years. Rasalgethi is a variable star with a mean magnitude of V = 3.48. It has a fifth magnitude companion 5'' away. This secondary is itself a double that consists of a 4 solar-mass class G5 giant star with a temperature about that of the Sun and a 2.5 solar-mass F2 dwarf star (somewhat hotter than the Sun) in orbit around each other separated by 0.4 AU with a 52 day period.

Rasalgethi, from Ar. Ra's al-Jathi (رأس‌الجاثی) "the Kneeler's Head," in reference to an early name for the constellation, the figure of the man seen upside down, his head toward the south, from ra's "head" + jathi "kneeling."

Rasalhague (α Ophiuchi)
  رأس‌الحیه   
ra's-el-hayyé (#)

Fr.: Rasalhague   

The brightest star (V = 2.08) in the constellation → Ophiuchus. Rasalhague is a → giant star of type A5 lying 47 light-years from Earth. It has a faint, very close companion only 0''.5 away, 7 A.U., that orbits with a period of 8.7 years.

Rasalhague, from Ar. Ra's al-Hayyah (رأس‌الحیه), literally the "head of the snake," from ra's "head" + Hayyah "snake," referring to the creature in Gk. mythology.

rat
  گرز   
gerz (#)

Fr.: rat   

Any of various long-tailed rodents resembling mice but larger, especially one of the genus Rattus (TheFreeDictionary.com).

From M.E. rat, rotte, from O.E. ræt, of unknown origin.

Gerz, from (Lori, Laki) gerza "rat, big mouse," Gilaki (Lâhijân, Gâleš, Bandar-Anzali, etc.) gerze "rat; mouse," variant (Mâzandarân) gal "mouse," of unknown origin.

rate
  نرخ   
nerx(#)

Fr.: taux   

The amount of change of some quantity during a time interval divided by the length of the time interval.

M.E. rate "monetary value," M.Fr. rate "price, value," from M.L. rata (pars) "fixed (amount)," from L. rata "fixed, settled," p.p. of reri "to reckon, think," → reason.

Nerx "rate, price, tariff."

ratio
  وابَر   
vâbar

Fr.: rapport   

Math.: The quotient of two quantities arrived at by dividing one by the other.

From L. ratio "reckoning, calculation," also "reason," from rat-, p.p. stem of reri "to reckon, calculate," also "think," → reason.
Fr. rapport, back-formation from rapporter "bring back," from → re- "back, again" + apporter "to bring," from L. apportare "to bring," from → ad- "to" + portare "to carry."

Vâbar, on the model of Fr. rapport "bringing back," as above, from vâ- prefix meaning "back to the original place, again," → re-, + bar present stem of bordan "to carry, lead" (Mid.Pers. burdan, O.Pers./Av. bar- "to bear, carry," barəθre "to bear (infinitive)," Skt. bharati "he carries," Gk. pherein, L. fero "to carry;" PIE base *bher- "to carry").

rational
  ۱) راینی، راینوار؛ ۲) خردانه، خردمندانه؛ ۳) وابری   
1) râyani, râyanvâr; 2) xeradâné, xeradmandâné; 3) vâbari

Fr.: rationnel   

1) Having or exercising the ability to → reason.
2) Consistent with or based on reason; logical; in accordance with sound reasoning.
3) Math.: Capable of being expressed as a quotient of integers.

M.E. racional, from O.Fr. racionel, from L. rationalis "of or belonging to reason, reasonable," from ratio (genitive rationis) "reckoning, calculation, reason," from rat-, pp. stem of reri "to reckon, calculate; consider, think."

1) Râyani, of or pertaining to râyan, → reason.
2) Xeradâné, xeradmandâné, of or pertaining to xerad "understanding, judgement, intellect, wisdom;" Mid.Pers. xrad "reason, intellect, intelligence, wisdom, understanding;" O.Pers. xraθu- "wisdom;" Av. xratu- "intelligence, undestanding, wisdom; will, purpose, council;" cf. Skt. krátu- "power, will-power;" Gk. kratos "power, strength."
3) vâbari, of or pertaining to vâbar, → ratio.

rational number
  عدد ِ وابری   
'adad-e vâbari

Fr.: nombre rationnel   

Any number that can be expressed as a ratio of two integers, providing the second number is not zero.

rational; → number.

rationale
  راینال   
râyanal

Fr.: raisonnement, exposé raisonné   

1) The fundamental reason or reasons serving to account for something.
2) A statement of reasons.
3) A reasoned exposition of principles (Dictionary.com).

L. neuter of rationalis.

Râyanâl, from râyan, → reason, + -âl, → -al.

rationalism
  راین‌باوری، خردباوری   
râyan-bâvari, xerad-bâvari

Fr.: rationalisme   

A philosophical doctrine that holds that → reason alone, unaided by experience, can arrive at basic truth regarding the world.

From → rational + -ism a Gk. suffix used in the formation of nouns denoting action or practice, state or condition, principles, doctrines, and so forth.

Râyan, → reason; xerad, → rational; bâvari, from bâvar "belief" (Mid.Pers. wâbar "beleif;" Proto-Iranian *uar- "to choose; to convince; to believe;" cf. Av. var- "to choose; to convince" varəna-, varana- "conviction, faith;" O.Pers. v(a)r- "to choose; to convince;" Skt. vr- "to choose," vara- "choosing").

raven
  کلاغ   
kalâq (#)

Fr.: corbeau   

Any of several large, corvine birds having lustrous, black plumage and a loud, harsh call, especially Corvus corax, of the New and Old Worlds (Dictionary.com).

O.E. hræfn, hrefn; hræfn, cognate with O.Norse hrafn, Dan. ravn, Du. raaf, Ger. Rabe "raven," ultimately from PIE root *ker- imitative of harsh sounds (source also of L. crepare "to creak, clatter," cornix "crow," corvus "raven;" Gk. korax "raven," korone "crow;" O.C.S. kruku "raven;" Lith. krauklys "crow," related to Pers. kalâq, as below.

Kalâq, ultimately from Proto-Iranian*karak-, from *kar- "raven's harsh sound;" cf. Pers. qâr, qârqâr "croak," cognate with L. corvus, Gk. korax "a raven," Skt. kâkah, E. raven, as above and → crow.

raw data
  داده‌های ِ خام   
dâdehâ-ye xâm

Fr.: données brutes   

Data that are unprocessed or not yet subjected to analysis.

Raw, from M.E., from O.E. hreaw "uncooked, raw;" cf. M.Du. rau, O.H.G. hrawer, Ger. roh; PIE base *krowos "congealed, bloody" cf. Skt. kravis- "raw flesh," krura- "bloody, raw, hard;" Gk. kreas "flesh;" L. crudus "not cooked," cruor "thick blood;" Lith. kraujas, O.C.S. kruvi "blood;" → data.

Dâdehâdata; xâm "crude, uncooked;" Mid.Pers. xâm "crude, raw" (Khotanese hāma- "raw;" Ossetic xom "raw;" Pash. ôm "raw"); cf. Skt āmá- "raw, uncooked;" Gk. omos "raw, uncooked."

ray
  پرتو   
partow (#)

Fr.: rayon   

1) Any of the lines or streams in which light appears to radiate from a luminous body. → light ray.
2) The straight line normal to the wave front in the propagation of radiant energy.
3) A stream of material particles all moving in the same straight line.

M.E. raie, raye, from O.Fr. rai "ray, spoke," from L. → radius "ray, spoke, staff, rod."

Partow, ultimately from Proto-Iranian *pari-tap- "to shine around, radiate away." The first component *pari- "around, about;" cf. Mod.Pers. par-, pirâ- "around, about," from Mid.Pers. pêrâ; O.Pers. pariy "around, about," Av. pairi "around, over," per- "to pass over, beyond;" Skt. pari; Gk. peri "around, about, beyond;" L. per "through;" PIE base *per- "through, across, beyond." The second component *tap- "to shine, radiate;" cf. Mod.Pers. tâbidan, variants tâftan "to shine," tafsidan "to become hot;" Mid.Pers. tâftan "to heat, burn, shine;" taftan "to become hot;" Parthian t'b "to shine;" Av. tāp-, taf- "to warm up, heat," tafsat "became hot," tāpaiieiti "to create warmth;" cf. Skt. tap- "; to heat, be/become hot; to spoil, injure, damage; to suffer," tapati "burns;" L. tepere "to be warm," tepidus "warm;" PIE base *tep- "to be warm."

ray of class 1
  پرتو ِ رده‌ی ِ ۱   
partw-e rade-ye 1

Fr.: rayon de classe 1   

In → rainbows, a sun ray directly reflected from the surface of a water → droplet.

ray; → class.

ray of class 2
  پرتو ِ رده‌ی ِ ۲   
partw-e rade-ye 2

Fr.: rayon de classe 2   

In → rainbows, a sun ray transmitted directly through a water → droplet.

ray; → class.

ray of class 3
  پرتو ِ رده‌ی ِ ۳   
partw-e rade-ye 3

Fr.: rayon de classe 3   

In → rainbows, a sun ray that emerges from a water → droplet after one internal reflection. Rays of class 3 give rise to the → primary rainbow.

ray; → class.

ray of class 4
  پرتو ِ رده‌ی ِ ۳   
partw-e rade-ye 4

Fr.: rayon de classe 4   

In → rainbows, a sun ray that emerges from a water → droplet after two internal reflections. Rays of class 4 give rise to the → secondary rainbow.

ray; → class.

rayleigh
  ریلی   
rayleigh (#)

Fr.: rayleigh   

A c.g.s. unit of light intensity used in astronomy and physics to measure the brightness of the night sky, auroras, etc. One rayleigh (R) represents the light intensity of one million photons of light emitted in all directions per square centimeter of receiver per second; or, in SI units, 795.775 x 106 photons per square meter per steradian (m-2·sr-1). A dark night sky has a light intensity of roughly 250 R.

In honor of the English mathematician and physicist Lord Rayleigh (1842-1919), surname of John William Strutt, Third Baron Rayleigh, whose research ranged over several fields of physics.

Rayleigh line
  خط ریلی   
xatt-e Rayleigh

Fr.: 1) droite de Rayleigh; 2) raie de Rayleigh   

1) A straight line that connects the points corresponding to the initial and final states on a graph of pressure versus specific volume for a substance subjected to a → shock wave. The slope of the Rayleigh line is proportional to the square of shock speed. Steeper Rayleigh lines correspond to higher shock speeds. See also → Hugoniot curve.
2) In → Raman scattering, the spectral line in scattered radiation which has the same frequency as the corresponding incident monochromatic radiation.

rayleigh; → line.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>