An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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relativistic aberration
  بیراهش ِ بازانیگی‌مند   
birâheš-e bâzânigimand

Fr.: aberration relativiste   

The aberration of light for an object moving with → relativistic speed. In contrast to the classical case, the → Lorentz transformation between the → rest frame of the observer and that of the object must be used. Relativistic aberration is expressed by the equation: cos φ' = (cos φ - )/(1 - cos φ.v/c), where φ is the classical → aberration angle, v the speed of the Earth, and c the → speed of light. It can also be expressed as: tan φ' = -(c/v)(1 - v2/c)1/2.

relativistic; → aberration.

relativistic Doppler effect
  اُسکر ِ دوپلر ِ بازانیگی‌مند   
oskar-e Doppler-e bâzânigimand

Fr.: effet Doppler relativiste   

The Doppler effect when the relative motion of the source and the observer is comparable to the speed of light. In that case the classical Doppler formula should be corrected for effects of the special theory of relativity (Lorentz transformation).

relativistic; → Doppler effect.

relativistic effect
  اسکر ِ بازانیگی‌مند   
oskar-e bâzânigimand

Fr.: effet relativiste   

A physical phenomenon described only by the theories of → special relativity or → general relativity.

relativistic; → effect.

relativistic mass
  جرم ِ بازانیگی‌مند   
jerm-e bâzânigimand

Fr.: masse relativiste   

In → special relativity, the mass that is assigned to a body in motion. Einstein demonstrated that the velocity of the observer has an effect on the way inertial mass is measured. The relativistic mass is expressed by mt = m0 / [1 - (v/c)2]1/2, where m0 is the → rest mass, v is the velocity, and c the → velocity of light. The experimental evidence for this phenomenon is observed in the mass of high-speed electrons accelerated by magnetic fields. This formula shows that it is impossible for a mass to be accelerated to the velocity of light in a vacuum.

relativistic; → mass.

relativistic particle
  ذرّه‌ی ِ بازانیگی‌مند   
zarre-ye bâzânigimand

Fr.: particule relativiste   

A particle which has a speed comparable to the velocity of light.

relativistic; → particle.

relativistic precession
  پیشایان ِ بازانیگی‌مند   
pišâyân-e bâzânigimand

Fr.: précession relativiste   

A → general relativistic phenomenon in which the line joining the → apsides of an orbit gradually rotates in a → prograde direction. Also called the → orbital precession and → perihelion precession. Although the general relativistic precession of Mercury's orbit is extremely small, the similar precession observed in the orbit of the → binary pulsar PSR B1913+16 amounts to 4.23 degrees per year, i.e. 36,000 times greater than the → advance of perihelion of Mercury.

relativistic; → precession.

relativistic quantum mechanics
  کو‌آنتوم مکانیک ِ بازانیگی‌مند   
kuântom mekânik-e bâzânigimand

Fr.: mécanique quantique relativiste   

A quantum theory that incorporates special relativity, for example, → quantum electrodynamics.

relativistic; → quantum mechanics.

relativistic redshift
  سرخ‌کیب ِ بازانیگی‌مند   
sorx kib-e bâzânigimand

Fr.: décalage vers le rouge relativiste   

A redshift caused by the → relativistic Doppler effect. → gravitational redshift.

relativistic; → redshift.

relativistic speed
  تندی ِ بازانیگی‌مند   
tondi-ye bâzânigimand

Fr.: vitesse relativiste   

Same as → relativistic velocity.

relativistic; → speed.

relativistic spin precession
  پیشایان ِ آسه‌ی ِ چرخش ِ بازانیگی‌مند   
pišâyân-e âse-ye carxeš-e bâzânigi-mand

Fr.: précession de l'axe de rotation relativiste   

The change in the direction of the → rotation axis of a → pulsar in a → binary pulsar. In such a system, → geodetic precession leads to a relativistic → spin-orbit coupling, analogous of → spin-orbit coupling in atomic physics. In consequence, the pulsar spin precesses about the total → angular momentum, changing the relative → orientation of the pulsar toward Earth (Damour & Ruffini, 1974). As a result, the angle between the pulsar → rotation axis and our → line of sight changes with time, so that different portions of the emission beam can be observed leading to changes in the measured pulse profile. In extreme cases, the precession may even move the beam out of our line of sight and the pulsar may disappear as predicted for PSR 1913+16 for the year 2025.

relativistic; → spin; → precession.

relativistic velocity
  تندای ِ بازانیگی‌مند   
tondâ-ye bâzânigimand

Fr.: vitesse relativiste   

The velocity of a body when it is a significant fraction of the → speed of light.

relativistic; → velocity.

relativity
  بازانیگی   
bâzânigi

Fr.: relativité   

General: The state or fact of being relative.
Physics: 1) Short for the → Galilean relativity.
2) Short for the → relativity theory of Einstein.

Relativity, from → relative + → -ity.

relativity of simultaneity
  بازانیگی ِ همزمانی   
bâzânigi-ye hamzamâni

Fr.: relatitivité de simultanéité   

A basic concept of → special relativity whereby → events that are simultaneous in one → reference frame are not simultaneous in another reference frame moving with respect to the first.

relativity; → simultaneity.

relativity principle
  پروز ِ بازانیگی   
parvaz-e bâzânigi

Fr.: principe de relativité   

The requirement employed by Einstein in his relativity theories, that the equations describing the laws of physics are the same in all frames of reference. This statement and that of the constancy of the speed of light constitute the founding principles of special relativity.

Relativity; → principle.

relativity theory
  نگره‌ی ِ بازانیگی   
negare-ye bâzânigi

Fr.: théorie de la relativité   

The → theory of relativity.

theory; → relativity.

relativize
  بازانی کردن   
bâzâni kardan

Fr.: relativiser   

To regard as or make one thing relative to something else.

relative + → -ize.

relax
  واهلیدن   
vâhelidan (#)

Fr.: relaxer, se relaxer   

To lessen the force, strength or intensity of something.

m M.E., from O.Fr. relaxer from L. relaxare "relax, loosen, open," from → re- "back" + laxare "loosen," from laxus "loose."

Vâhelidan, from vâ-, → re-, + helidan, heštan "to place, put" from Mid.Pers. hištan, hilidan "to let, set, leave, abandon;" Parthian Mid.Pers. hyrz; O.Pers. hard- "to send forth," ava.hard- "to abandon;" Av. harəz- "to discharge, send out; to filter," hərəzaiti "releases, shoots;" cf. Skt. srj- "to let go or fly, throw, cast, emit, put forth;" Pali sajati "to let loose, send forth."

relaxation
  واهلش   
vâheleš (#)

Fr.: relaxation   

1) The evolution of the properties of a physical system which has been disturbed and which regains its equilibrium condition once the disturbing action has ceased. Relaxation is the response of the system to the perturbation. The time required by the system to regain its condition of minimum energy is called the → relaxation time.
2) Math.: In numerical analysis, a method of solving equations in which the errors, or residuals, resulting from an initial approximation are reduced by succeeding approximations until finally all are within the toleration limit.

Verbal noun of → relax.

relaxation time
  زمان ِ واهلش   
zamân-e vâhaleš

Fr.: temps de relaxation   

The characteristic length of time that is required for a system undergoing → relaxation to move to its equilibrium state. If the system follows an exponential law G = G0 exp(-t / τ), the relaxation time is the time required for G to obtain the fraction 1/e of its initial value G0.

relaxation; → time.

relaxed system
  راژمان ِ واهلیده   
râžmân-e vâhalidé

Fr.: système relaxé   

A → dynamical system that has regained its → equilibrium. Especially a system in which the kinetic and potential energies obey a specific relationship known as the → virial theorem.

P.p. from relax, → relaxation.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>