An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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rotator
  چرخنده، چرخاننده   
carxandé (#), carxânandé (#)

Fr.: rotateur   

A device that rotates or causes rotation.

Agent noun from → rotate.

rotor
  چرخا   
carxâ (#)

Fr.: rotor   

A rotating part of an electrical apparatus, e.g. the armature of a generator, or of a mechanical device.
A system of several flat blades attached to a hub, which rotates either horizontally to give lift and thrust to a helicopter, or vertically to help control it.
Meteo.: The circulation of flow about a horizontal or nearly horizontal axis.

Short for rotator, → rotate, + → -or.

Carxâ agent noun of carxidan, → rotate.

row
  رج   
raj (#)

Fr.: ligne, rangée   

CCD detector: Series of pixels arranged along a line. → column

O.E. ræw "a row, line;" cf. Du. rij "row;" O.H.G. rihan "to thread," riga "line;" Ger. Reihe "row, line, series."

Raj "line, row," variants raž, rak, râk, rezg (Lori), ris, risé, radé, rasté, râsté, related to râst "right, true; just, upright, straight;" Mid.Pers. râst "true, straight, direct;" Soghdian rəšt "right;" O.Pers. rāsta- "straight, true," rās- "to be right, straight, true;" Av. rāz- "to direct, put in line, set," razan- "order;" cf. Skt. raj- "to direct, stretch," rjuyant- "walking straight;" Gk. orektos "stretched out;" L. regere "to lead straight, guide, rule," p.p. rectus "right, straight;" PIE base *reg- "move in a straight line," hence, "to direct, rule."

Roxburgh criterion
  سنجیدار ِ راکسبرگ   
sanjidâr-e Roxburgh

Fr.: critère de Roxburgh   

An integral constraint used to quantify the uncertainty on the extent of → convective overshooting and its effect on models of stars.

Roxburgh, I. 1989, A&A, 211, 361; → criterion.

RR Lyrae star
  ستاره‌ی ِ RR چنگ   
setâre-ye RR Cang

Fr.: étoile RR Lyrae   

A member of a large class of → pulsating stars of type A2-F6 with periods less than 1 day. They are similar to → Cepheids, except that their periods are much shorter and are less luminous. RR Lyrae stars belong to → Population II and are often found in → globular clusters (hence one of their older names cluster variables) or elsewhere in the → galactic halo. They are used as distance indicators (→ standard candle) out to more than 200 kpc.

Lyra; → star.

rubidium
  روبیدیوم   
rubidiom (#)

Fr.: rubidium   

A metallic chemical element; symbol Rb. Atomic number 37; atomic weight 85.4678; melting point 38.89°C; boiling point 686°C; specific gravity 1.53 at 20°C. It was discovered in the mineral lepidolite by the German chemist Robert Wilhelm Bunsen and the German physicist Gustav-Robert Kirchoff in 1861. Bunsen isolated rubidium in 1863.

From L. rubidus "deep red," because of the two "deep red lines" in its spectra.

ruby
  یاقوت، یاکند   
yâqut (#), yâkand (#)

Fr.: rubis   

Red form of corundum, Al2O3, which owes its color to traces of chromium. Used in laser as a gem stone.

M.E. rubi, from O.Fr. rubi, from M.L. rubinus lapis "red stone," from L. rubeus "red," related to ruberred.

Yâqut, yâkand related to Gk. hyakinthos "hyacinth," probably ult. from a non-I.E. Mediterranean language.

Rudolphine Tables
  زیج ِ رودولفی   
zij-e Rudolfi

Fr.: Tables rudolphines   

A set of astronomical tables created in 1627 by Johannes Kepler (1571-1630) based on observations by Tycho Brahe (1546-1601). These tables allowed Kepler to derive the three laws of planetary motions bearing his name (→ Kelpler's laws). These are the first tables in which → atmospheric refraction has been taken into account. They overruled the → Prutenic Tables.

From the L. title Tabulae Rudolphinae, in memory of Rudolf II (1552-1612), king of Hungary and Bohemia, and Holy Roman Emperor; → table.

Ruffini-Horner method
  روش ِ روفینی-هورنر   
raveš-e Ruffini-Horner

Fr.: méthode de Ruffini-Horner   

A method for finding the value of a → polynomial given by a real number and deriving its → roots. It consists essentially of factoring the polynomial in a nested form. Also known as → nested multiplication.

Named after Paolo Ruffini (1765-1822) and William Horner (1786-1837), who independently elaborated the method; → method.

Ruhmkorff coil
  پیچه‌ی ِ روهمکورف   
pice-ye Ruhmkorff

Fr.: bobine de Ruhmkorff   

An → induction coil which was a forerunner of today's automobile ignition coil. It consists of two coils wound on a single → iron core, and uses an → alternating current produced by a break-wheel to induce a high-voltage current in the secondary coil.

After Heinrich Daniel Ruhmkorff (1803-1877), a German-born instrument maker, who settled in Paris in 1819 for the rest of his life; → coil.

rule
  رزن   
razan

Fr.: règle   

1) A law or regulation that governs behaviors, actions, or operations. → Arnett's rule, → commutation rule, → Fleming's rule, → Hund's rule, → left-hand rule, → Maxwell's rule, → right-hand rule, → rigorous selection rule, → selection rule, and → Trouton's rule.
2) A strip of rigid material marked off in units used especially for measuring length.
3) In some → planispheric astrolabes, a bar which rotates across the front of the astrolabe and is used to locate positions on the → rete, and to relate them to the scale of hours marked on the → limb. Also called the → index.

M.E. riule, reule, from O.Fr. riule, from L. regula "straight stick, bar, ruler," related to regere "to rule, straighten, guide;" cognate with Pers. râst "right, straight," razan "rule," as below.

Razan from Av. razan "rule, order," from rāz- "to direct, put in line, set," rasman- "the lines or files of the army;" O.Pers. rāsta- "straight, true," rās- "to be right, straight, true;" Mid.Pers. râst "true, straight, direct;" Soghdian rəšt "right," rây-, râyênitan "to arrange;" Mod.Pers. râst "right, true; just, upright, straight;" raj "line, row," variants raž, rak, râk, rezg (Lori), radé, râdé "line, rule, row," rasté, râsté "row, a market with regular ranges of shops;" ris, risé "straight;" cf. Skt. raj- "to direct, stretch," rjuyant- "walking straight;" Gk. orektos "stretched out;" L. regere "to lead straight, guide, rule," p.p. rectus "right, straight;" PIE base *reg- "move in a straight line," hence, "to direct, rule."

rule of decision
  رزن ِ واسون   
razan-e vâsun

Fr.: régle de décision   

Same as → significance testing and → test of significance.

rule; → decision.

rule of three
  رزن ِ سه   
razan-e sé

Fr.: règle de trois   

Te method of finding the fourth term in a proportion when three terms are given.

rule; → three.

ruled grating
  توری ِ شیاردار   
turi-ye šiyârdâr

Fr.: réseau à traits   

A → diffraction grating with a series of grooves that have been ruled on a reflective surface with a diamond tool mounted on a ruling machine. Ruled gratings may have triangular or trapezoidal groove profiles, whereas → holographic gratings usually have sinusoidal groove profiles.

Ruled, → rule; → grating.

Turi, → grating; šiyârdâr "having grooves," from šiyâr, → groove, + -dâr "having, possessor," → property.

ruled surface
  رویه‌ی ِ خط‌ساخته   
ruye-ye xatt sâxté

Fr.: surface réglée   

A surface, such as a cylinder or cone, that can be generated by moving a straight line.

Ruled, p.p. of rule; → surface.

Ruyé, → surface; xatt sâxté "built, formed by a line," from xattline; sâxté, p.p. of sâxtan "to build, make, fashion; to adapt, adjust, be fit" (from Mid.Pers. sâxtan, sâz-, Manichean Parthian s'c'dn "to prepare, to form;" Av. sak- "to understand, to mark," sâcaya- (causative) "to teach").

rump
  کپل، سرین   
kapal (#), sorin (#)

Fr.: croupe   

The hind part of the body of an animal, as the hindquarters of a quadruped or sacral region of a bird (Dictionary.com).

M.E. rumpe, from Scandinavian; compare Dan., Norw. Swed. rumpe rumpa "tail;" cognate with Ger. Rumpf "body, trunk."

Kapal, maybe from Ar. kafal.
Sorin, → buttock.

run
  داو   
dâv

Fr.: période   

An interval or period during which something, as a machine, operates or continues operating. → observing run.

Run, noun from verb, from M.E. ronnen, alteration of rinnen, (from O.E. rinnan and O.N. rinna) and of rennen, from O.N. renna; akin to O.H.G. rinnan; Ger. rinnen "to flow, run;" Skt. rinati "he causes to flow," and probably to L. rivus "stream;" PIE base *rei- "to flow."

Dâv "a move, a turn (at play)," dâv zadan (kardan) "to make a move (at game)," variant dow (e.g. dow bé dast-e kasi oftâdan), maybe related to dow "run," from davidan, dav- "to run;" Mid.Pers. dawidan, daw- "to run;" cf. Skt. dhāv- "to walk, hurry, flow," dhāvati "flows, runs;" Gk. thoos "fast, quick;" O.E. deaw; E. dew; PIE base *dheu- "to flow."

runaway star
  ستاره‌ی ِ گریزان   
setâre-ye gorizân

Fr.: étoile en fuite   

A massive, young, and hot star that is moving quickly through space. Runaways are probably propelled through space from a binary star when its companion has exploded as a supernova, or ejected from a stellar cluster by the dynamical interactions in the system.

run; away, from O.E. aweg, earlier on weg "on from this (that) place;" → star.

Setâré, → star; gorizân present participle of goriz-, gorixtan "to escape; to flee, run away;" Mid.Pers. virextan; Proto-Iranian *vi-raik, from vi- "apart, asunder" + *raik; Av. raek- "to leave, set free, let off;" Mid./Mod.Pers. reg/rig (in mordé-rig "inheritance"); Skt. ric- "to leave," rinakti "gives up, evacuates;" Gk. leipein "to leave;" L. linquere "to leave;" from PIE *linkw-, from *leikw- "to leave behind" (cf. Goth. leihvan; O.E. lænan "to lend;" O.H.G. lihan "to borrow;" O.N. lan "loan").

runoff
  رواناب   
ravânâb (#)

Fr.: ruissellement   

The water or other liquids that drains or flows from the land into streams and rivers, eventually into seas.

From → run + → off.

Ravânâb, literally "flowing water," from ravân "flowing, running," pr.p. of raftan "to go, walk; to flow" (Mid.Pers. raftan, raw-, Proto-Iranian *rab/f- "to go; to attack" + âb, → water.

rupture
  پارگی، گسست   
pâregi (#) , gosast (#)

Fr.: rupture   

Breaking apart or bursting. → plastic, → plasticity.

From L. ruptura "the breaking (of an arm or leg), fracture," from p.p. of rumpere "to break."

Pâregi "rupture," from pâré, → partial; gosast, → Big Rip.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>