An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
sedimentary
  نهشتی   
nehešti (#)

Fr.: sédimentaire   

Of, pertaining to, or of the nature of sediment.

Adj. of → sediment.

sedimentary rock
  سنگ ِ نهشتی   
sang-e nehešti

Fr.: roche sédimentaire   

A rock composed of materials that were transported to their present position by wind or water. → Sandstone, → shale, and → limestone are sedimentary rocks.

sedimentary; → rock.

Sedna
  سدنا   
Sednâ (#)

Fr.: Sedna   

A trans-Neptunian object (numbered 90377) and a likely → dwarf planet, it is the most distant large object yet found orbiting the Sun. It is at present over 90 A.U.s away, 3 times as far as Pluto. Its precise diameter is unknown, probably 1,600-2,200 km (about 12-17% of Earth). Its estimated orbital period is 12,050 years. Formerly known as 2003 VB12

In Inuit mythology, Sedna (Inuktitut Sanna) is a goddess of the marine animals, especially mammals such as seals.

Sedov-Taylor phase
  فاز ِ سدوف-تیلور   
fâz-e Sedov-Taylor

Fr.: phase de Sedov-Taylor   

The second phase in the evolution of a → supernova remnant (SNR) occurring after the → free expansion phase. After the passage of the → reverse shock, the interior of the SNR is so hot that the energy losses by radiation are very small (all atoms are → ionized, no → recombination). The expansion is driven by the → thermal pressure of the hot gas and can therefore be regarded as → adiabatic; the → cooling of the gas is only due to the → expansion. Pressure forces accelerate the swept-up → interstellar medium (ISM) converting → thermal energy (which came from original explosion) into → kinetic energy of the → shell of swept-up mass. As the mass of the ISM swept up by the shell increases, it eventually reaches densities which start to impede the free expansion. → Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities arise once the mass of the swept-up ISM approaches that of the ejected material. This causes the SNR's ejecta to become mixed with the gas that was just shocked by the initial → shock wave. The Sedov-Taylor phase lasts some 104 years and is followed by the radiative or → snowplow phase. Also called → adiabatic phase.

After Sedov, L. (1959, Similarity and Dimensional Methods in Mechanics, New York, Academic Press) and Taylor, G. I. (1950, Proc. Roy. Soc. London, A, 201, 159 and 175); → phase.

see
  دیدن   
didan (#)

Fr.: voir   

To perceive with the eyes; look at.

M.E. seen, from O.E. seon "to see, look, behold, understand, know," ultimately from PIE *sekw- "to see, notice;" cognate with Du. zien "to see," Ger. sehen "to see," Danish, Swedish and Norwegian Bokmal se "to see," L. signum "mark, token."

Didan "to see, regard, catch sight of, contemplate, experience;" Mid.Pers. ditan; O.Pers. dī- "to see;" Av. dā(y)- "to see," didāti "sees;" cf. Skt. dhī- "to perceive, think, ponder; thought, reflection, meditation," dādhye; Gk. dedorka "have seen."

Seebeck effect
  اسکر ِ زیبک   
oskar-e Seebeck

Fr.: effet de Seebeck   

An → electromotive force produced in a closed electric circuit formed by connecting conductors of different metals in series when the two junctions junctions are maintained at different temperatures. The circuit constitutes a → thermocouple.

Named for the German physicist Thomas Seebeck (1770-1831), who discovered the effect; → effect.

seed
  تخم   
toxm (#)

Fr.: germe   

A small single crystal of a semiconductor from which is grown the large single crystal for the manufacture of semiconductor devices.

O.E. sed, sæd; cf. O.N. sað, O.S. sad, O.Fris. sed, M.Du. saet, O.H.G. sat, Ger. Saat; PIE base *se- "to sow."

Toxm "seed" (Tabari tim "seed; race," Laki tôm "seed"), from Mid.Pers. tôhm, tôhmak, tôm, tuxm "seed; extraction; descent;" Av. taoxman- "seed;" O.Pers. taumī:- "family;" cf. Skt. tókman- "offspring, children, race, child," tokma- "young shoot, young blade of corn."

seed nucleus
  هسته‌ی ِ تخم   
haste-ye toxm

Fr.: noyau germe   

A nucleus from which a variety of → fusion  → chain reactions derive in → stellar nucleosynthesis.

seed; → nucleus.

seeing
  شکان   
šekân

Fr.: seeing   

A measure of the blurring and degradation of the image of astronomical objects caused by → turbulence in the Earth's atmosphere, including the telescope environment. Seeing causes the images of stars to break up into → speckle patterns, which change very rapidly with time. See also → Fried parameter; → differential image motion monitor.

see; → -ing.

Šekân "wrinkle, plait; curl; rupture, breach," variant of šekan "fold, curl; ripples on water," from šekastan "to break, split;" Mid.Pers. škastan "to break;" Av. scind-, scand "to break, cleave;" Proto-Iranian *skand- "to break, cleave;" PIE sken- "to cut off."

seeing disk
  گرده‌ی ِ شکان، دیسک ِ ~   
gerde-ye šekân, disk-e ~

Fr.: tache de seeing   

The angular size of a stellar image for long exposures, as determined by the ratio λ/r0, where λ is the wavelength and r0 the typical size of → turbulence patches. → Fried parameter. The most common seeing measurement is the → full-width at half-maximumof the seeing disk. → Airy disk.

seeing; → disk.

seeing monitor
  پهره‌گر ِ شکان   
pahregar-e šekân

Fr.: moniteur de seeing   

An optical instrument that follows the variation of → atmospheric turbulence by continuously measuring the → seeing conditions.

seeing; → monitor.

segment
  برنک   
borank

Fr.: segment   

1) Of a line, that portion bounded by two points.
2) Of a circle, that portion of a plane bounded by an arc of the circle and its chord.
3) Of a sphere, the solid formed between two parallel planes that cut through a sphere.
4) In computer science, a portion of a program, often one that can be loaded and executed independently of other portions.

From L. segmentum "a strip or piece cut off," originally a geometric term, from secare "to cut" + -mentum "-ment."

Borank, from Kermâni borang "a slice (of fruit);" Borujerdi boleng "piece, section," ultimately from *brin-ka- (probable contracted forms Lari peng and pengi "portion or part of anything"), related to boridan "to cut off;" Mid.Pers. brīn-, blyn-, britan, brinitan "to cut off," Av. brī- "to shave, shear," brin- (with prefix pairi-); cf. Skt. bhrī- "to hurt, injure," bhrinanti "they hurt;" PIE base bhrei- "to cut, pierce."

segmented mirror
  آینه‌ی ِ برنکیده   
âyen-ye borankidé

Fr.: miroir segmenté   

A large telescope mirror consisting of smaller mirror segments designed to act as a single, larger reflecting surface. Because current monolithic mirrors cannot be constructed larger than about eight meters in diameter, the use of segmented mirrors is a key component for larger aperture telescopes.

Segmented, p.p. of → segment (v.); → mirror.

segregate
  سواییدن   
savâyidan

Fr.: séparer, isoler   

To separate or set apart from others or from the main body or group; isolate.

From M.E. segregat, from L. segregatus, p.p. of segregare "separate from the flock, isolate, divide," from se- "apart from" + greg-, ablative of grex, gregis "herd, flock, crowd," cf. Gk. gergera "swarm, flock;" maybe related to Old Khotanese -gris- in hamgris- "to assemble."

Savâyidan, from savâ "separate, apart;" probably related to Mid.Pers. s'w- "to crush," sây- "to rub, wear, tear;" cf. Kurd. (Hawramân) sawa, Roshani sêw-/sêwt, Bartangi siw-/siwd, Yazghulani saw-/sed, Bajui sâw-/sâwd "to rub, smear, grind" (Cheung 2007); Mod.Pers. sây-/sudan "to rub, wear, tear, grind, dissolve;" cf. Skt. śā- "to sharpen, whet."

segregation
  سوایش   
savâyeš

Fr.: ségrégation   

The act or practice of segregating. The state or condition of being segregated. → mass segregation.

Verbal noun of → segregate.

seismic
  لرزه‌ای   
larze-yi (#)

Fr.: sismique   

Of, subject to, or caused by → vibrations of the → Earth. → seismic wave.

From seism, → seismo-, + → -ic.

seismic wave
  موج ِ لرزه‌ای   
mowj-e laez-yi (#)

Fr.: onde sismique   

An → elastic wave generated in the → Earth by an → impulse such as an → earthquake or an → explosion. Seismic waves may travel either along or near the Earth's surface or through the Earth's interior.

seismic; → wave.

seismo-
  لرزه-   
larzé- (#)

Fr.: sismo-   

A combining form meaning "earthquake;" → seismology, → seismograph, etc.

From Gk. seismo- combining form of seismos "shock, earthquake," from seiein "to shake."

Larzé-, from larzé "shaking, trembling," from larzidan "to tremble, shiver;" Mid.Pers. larzidan "to shake, tremble;" Manichean Mid.Pers. rarz- "to shiver with fever;" Proto-Iranian *rarz- "to shake, tremble."

seismograph
  لرزه‌نگار   
larzenegâr (#)

Fr.: sismographe, séismographe   

An instrument that detects, magnifies, and records → seismic waves, especially those caused by → earthquakes or → explosions.

seismo-; → -graph.

seismology
  لرزه‌شناسی   
larzešenâsi (#)

Fr.: sismologie, séismologie   

The branch of geophysics that is concerned with the study of earthquakes and measurement of the mechanical properties of the Earth.

seismo-; → -logy.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>