An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
ballistics
  پرتابیک، پرتابشناسی   
partâbik (#), partâbšenâsi (#)

Fr.: balistique   

The science of the motion and behavior of → projectiles. The study of the functioning of firearms.

From L. ballista "ancient military machine for hurling stones," from Gk. ballistes, from ballein "to throw," from PIE *gwelH1- "to throw;" cf. Pers. garzin "arrow;" Av. niγr- "to throw down;" Khotanese (+ *abi-, *ui-) bīr- "to throw, sow;" Proto-Iranian *garH- "to throw."

Partâbik, from partâb "a throw, an arrow that flies far," partâbidan "to throw," + -ik, → -ics; partâbšenâsi, from partâb + -šenâsi, → -logy.

balloon astronomy
  اخترشناسی با بالون، بالون-اخترشناسی   
axtaršenâsi bâ bâlon, bâlon-axtaršenâsi

Fr.: astronomie en ballon   

A branch of modern astronomy in which balloons are used to carry telescopes and instruments to high altitudes (up to 50 km) for observation.

Balloon, from Fr. ballon, from It. dialectal ballone, augmentative of balla, ball, from P.Gmc. *ball-, from PIE *bhel- "to blow, swell". → astronomy.

Axtaršenâsi, → astronomy; bâlon, from Fr. ballon.

balloon-borne telescope
  دوربین ِ بالون-برد، تلسکوپ ~   
durbin-e bâlon-bord, teleskop-e ~

Fr.: télescope porté par ballon   

A remotely guided or automatic telescope carried to high altitudes by a balloon.

balloon astronomy; borne "a past participle of bear," from O.E. beran "bear, bring, wear," from P.Gmc. *beranan (O.H.G. beran, Goth. bairan "to carry"), from PIE root *bher-; "to carry;" compare with Av./O.Pers. bar- "to bear, carry," bareθre "to bear (infinitive)," bareθri "a female that bears (children), a mother," Mod.Pers. bordan "to carry," Skt. bharati "he carries," Gk. pherein, L. fero "to carry." → telescope.

balloon astronomy. Bord in bâlon-bord "borne, carried," from Mod.Pers. bordan "to bear, carry," as explained above. Durbin, → telescope.

Balmer
  بالمر   
Bâlmer

Fr.: Balmer   

From Johann Jakob Balmer (1825-1898), Swiss mathematician and physicist, who explained the visible spectral lines of the hydrogen spectrum in 1885.

Balmer continuum
  پیوستار ِ بالمر   
peyvastâr-e Bâlmer

Fr.: continuum de Balmer   

A continuous range of wavelengths in the Balmer spectrum of hydrogen corresponding to transitions between the energy levels n = 2 and n = .

Balmer; → continuum.

Balmer decrement
  کاهه‌ی ِ بالمر   
kâhe-ye Bâlmer

Fr.: décrément de Balmer   

The intensity ratio among the couple of relatively adjacent → Balmer lines, for example Hα/Hβ and Hβ/Hγ, which have well-known theoretical values. They are used to determine the → interstellar extinction.

Balmer; → decrement.

Balmer discontinuity
  ناپیوستگی ِ بالمر   
nâpeyvastegi-ye Bâlmer

Fr.: discontinuité de Balmer   

An abrupt decrease in the intensity of the continuum at the limit of the → Balmer series of hydrogen (at about 3650 Å), caused by the energy absorbed when electrons originally in the second → energy level are ionized. Same as → Balmer jump.

Balmer; → discontinuity.

Balmer formula
  دیسول ِ بالمر   
disul-e Bâlmer

Fr.: formule de Balmer   

A special solution of the mathematical formula which represents the wavelengths of the various spectral series of hydrogen in which the lower energy level is n = 2.

Balmer; → formula.

Balmer jump
  جهش ِ بالمر   
jaheš-e Bâlmer

Fr.: saut de Balmer   

Same as → Balmer discontinuity.

Balmer; → jump.

Balmer limit
  حد ِ بالمر   
hadd-e Bâlmer

Fr.: limite de Balmer   

The wavelength in the blue end of the → Balmer series, at 3646 Å, near which the separation between successive lines decreases and approaches a → continuum.

Balmer; → limit.

Balmer line
  خط ِ بالمر   
xatt-e Bâlmer

Fr.: raies de Balmer   

The → spectral lines making up the → Balmer series.

Balmer; → line.

Balmer series
  سری ِ بالمر   
seri-ye Bâlmer (#)

Fr.: série de Balmer   

A series of hydrogen → spectral lines (Hα, Hβ, Hγ, and others) that lies in the visible portion of the spectrum and results when electrons from upper → energy levels (n > 2) undergo → transition to n = 2.
Historically, Balmer emission lines (mainly Hα) from ionized nebulae were first observed by O. Struve and C. T. Elvey (1938, ApJ 88, 364). This was an important indication of the existence of hydrogen, in the ionized state, in the → interstellar medium.

Balmer; → series.

band
  باند   
bând (#)

Fr.: bande   

General:1) A strip serving to encircle and bind one object or to hold a number of objects together. 2) A strip or stripe that contrasts with something else in color, texture, or material.
Physics: 1) A specific range of wavelengths or frequencies of electromagnetic radiation.
2) Closely packed spectral lines that appear to form a continuous group. → absorption band; → emission band.

From M.E. bende, O.E. bend, from O.Fr. bande, bende, P.Gmc. *bindan, from PIE *bendh- "to bind" (cf. Goth bandi "that which binds;" Av./O.Pers. band- "to bind, fetter," banda- "band, tie," Skt. bandh- "to bind, tie, fasten," bandhah "a tying, bandage."

Bând, adoption from E. band, which is cognate and synonymous with Pers. band, present tense stem of bastan "to bind, shut," Mid.Pers. bastan, band, Av./O.Pers. band-, as explained above. See also → strip.

band head
  باندسر، سر ِ باند   
bândsar, sar-e bând

Fr.: tête de bande   

A location on the spectrogram of a molecule at which the lines of a band stack.

Band head, from → band + head, from O.E. heafod "top of the body," also "upper end of a slope," also "chief person, leader," from P.Gmc. *khaubuthan, from PIE *kauput- "head" (cf. Skt. kaput-, L. caput "head," Lori kapu "head," kapulek "skull, middle of the head").

Bândsar, from → bând + sar "head," soru, sorun "horn," karnâ "a trumpet-like wind instrument" (originally made from animal horns), variant sornâ "a wind instrument;" Mid.Pers. sar "head," sru "horn;" Av. sarah- "head," srū- "horn, nail;" cf. Skt. śiras- "head, chief;" Gk. kara "head," karena "head, top," keras "horn;" L. cornu "horn," cerebrum "brain;" P.Gmc. *khurnaz (E. horn; Ger. Horn, Du. horen), from PIE *ker- "head, horn."

band spectrum
  بیناب ِ باندی   
binâb-e bândi

Fr.: spectre de bande   

A spectrum which consists of a number of bands each having one sharp edge. Each band is composed of a large number of closely spaced emission or absorption lines. Band spectra are typical of molecules. Bands produced by titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, and carbon compounds are characteristic of low temperature stars.

Band spectrum, from → band + → spectrum.

Binâb-e bândi, from binâb, → spectrum + bândi, relating to bând, → band.

band-pass
  گذر-باند   
gozar-bând

Fr.: bande passante   

A range of frequencies that can pass through a filter such as one in an electrical circuit.

From → band + pass, from O.Fr. passer, from V.L. *passare "to step, walk, pass," from L. passus "step, pace;" cf. Pers. "foot," pey "step."

Gozar-bând, from gozar "passage, transit, passing," gozaštan "to pass, cross, transit," from Mid.Pers. vitârtan + bând, → band.

bandpass filter
  پالایه‌ی ِ گذر-باند   
pâlâye-ye gozar-bând

Fr.: filtre de bande   

An electric filter that transmits a known band of frequencies but suppresses unwanted frequencies above and below this band.

bandpass; → filter.

bandwidth
  باند-پهنا   
bândpahnâ

Fr.: largeur de bande   

The portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is permitted to pass through an electronic device, such as a radio telescope detector. The term refers to either a wavelength interval or a frequency interval.

Bandwidth, from → band + → width.

Bândpahnâ, from bând, → band, + pahnâ, → width, from pahn "wide," → broad.

bar
  ۱) بار؛ ۲) میله   
1) bâr (#); 2) mile (#)

Fr.: 1) bar; 2) barre   

1) A unit of → pressure, not belonging to the → International System (SI), equivalent to 106dynes per cm2 and 0.987 → atmospheres.
2) → stellar bar, → galactic bar, → barred spiral galaxy.

1) From Gk. baros "weight," cf. Skt guru, L. gravis; PIE *gwere- "heavy;" cf. Pers. bâr "weight," gerân "heavy," L. brutus "heavy, dull, stupid, brutish," Skt. bhara- "burden, load," bharati "he carries;" PIE *bher- "carry, give birth."
2) From O.Fr. barre, from V.L. *barra "bar, barrier," or perhaps from Gaulish *barro "summit."

1) Loan from Fr., as above.
2) Mile, from Ar. mil "any long and narrow piece of metal," + noun suffix.

barium
  باریوم   
bâriyom (#)

Fr.: barium   

A whitish, malleable, metallic → chemical element; symbol Ba. → Atomic number 56; → atomic weight 137.33; → melting point 725°C; → boiling point 1,640°C; → specific gravity 3.5 at 20°C. Barium was discovered by the Swedish pharmacist and chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele in 1774. It was first isolated by the British chemist Humphry Davy in 1808.

From Mod.L., from Gk. barys "heavy," from the mineral barytes "heavy spar" (BaSO4), in which the element was discovered; cognate with Pers. bâr "weight," → bar.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>