An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
bolide
  گرزین   
garzin

Fr.: bolide   

A → meteor which is extremely bright, particularly one that breaks up during its passage through the → atmosphere. Also called → fireball.

Bolide, Fr., from L. bolis, bolidis, from Gk. bolis, bolidos "missile, flash of lightning," from ballein "to throw;" PIE *gwelH1- "to throw;" → ballistics.

Garzin "arrow;" cf. Tâleši ger "meteor" (from Proto-Iranian *garH- "to throw"), cognate with Gk. ballein, as above; → ballistics.

bolometer
  تفسنج   
tafsanj

Fr.: bolomètre   

1) An instrument for measuring the intensity of radiant energy in amounts as small as one millionth of an erg. It uses the change in resistance of a thin conductor caused by the heating effect of the radiation. → actinometer, → photometer, → pyrheliometer, → pyrometer, radiometer.
2) In astronomy, an instrument that measures the amount of radiant energy received from a celestial object.

From Gk. bole "stroke, beam of light," from ballein "to throw" + middle suffix -o- + → -meter..

Tafsanj, from taf "heat, warmth; light, brightness," from tâbidan, "→ radiate," + sanj, → -meter.

bolometric
  تفسنجی، تفسنجیک   
tafsanji, tafsanjik

Fr.: bolométrique   

Of or relating to or measured by a → bolometer.

bolometer; → -ic.

bolometric correction
  ارشایش ِ تفسنجی، ~ تفسنجیک   
aršâyeš-e tafsanji, ~ tafsanjik

Fr.: correction bolométrique   

The difference between the → visual magnitude and → bolometric magnitude.

bolometric; → correction.

bolometric luminosity
  تابندگی ِ تفسنجی، ~ تفسنجیک   
tâbandegi-ye tafsanji, ~ tafsanjik

Fr.: luminosité bolométrique   

The total rate of energy output of an object integrated over all wavelengths.

bolometric; → luminosity.

bolometric magnitude
  برز ِ تفسنجی، ~ تفسنجیک   
borz-e tafsanji, ~ tafsanjik

Fr.: magnitude bolométrique   

The magnitude of an astronomical object for the entire range of its electromagnetic spectrum.

bolometric; → magnitude.

Boltzmann constant
  پایای ِ بولتسمن   
pâyâ-ye Boltzmann

Fr.: constante de Boltzmann   

Boltzmann's constant.

Boltzmann's constant.

Boltzmann factor
  کروند ِ بولتسمن   
karvand-e Boltzmannn

Fr.: facteur de Boltzmann   

The factor e-E/kT involved in the probability for atoms having an excitation energy E and temperature T, where k is Boltzmann's constant.

Boltzmann's constant; → factor.

Boltzmann's constant
  پایای ِ بولتسمن   
pâyâ-ye Boltzmann

Fr.: constante de Boltzmann   

The physical constant, noted by k, relating the mean → kinetic energy of → molecules in an → ideal gas to their → absolute temperature. It is given by the ratio of the → gas constant to → Avogadro's number. Its value is about 1.380 x 10-16erg K-1.

Named after the Austrian physicist Ludwig Boltzmann (1844-1906), who made important contributions to the theory of statistical mechanics; → constant.

Boltzmann's entropy formula
  دیسول ِ درگاشت ِ بولتسمن   
disul-e dargâšt-e Boltzmann

Fr.: formule d'entropie de Boltzmann   

In → statistical thermodynamics, a probability equation relating the → entropy S of an → ideal gas to the quantity Ω, which is the number of → microstates corresponding to a given → macrostate: S = k. ln Ω. Same as → Boltzmann's relation.

Boltzmann's constant; → entropy; → formula.

Boltzmann's equation
  هموگش ِ بولتسمن   
hamugeš-e Boltzmann

Fr.: équation de Boltzmann   

1) An equation that expresses the relative number (per unit volume) of → excited atoms in different states as a function of the temperature for a gas in → thermal equilibrium: Nu/Nl = (gu/gl) exp (-ΔE/kTex), where Nu and Nl are the upper level and lower level populations respectively, gu and gl the → statistical weights, ΔE = hν the energy difference between the states, k is → Boltzmann's constant, and h  → Planck's constant.

Boltzmann's constant; → equation.

Boltzmann's relation
  باز‌آنش ِ بولتسمن   
bâzâneš-e Boltzmann

Fr.: relation de Boltzmann   

A relation between the → entropy of a given → state of a → thermodynamic system and the → probability of the state: S = k . ln Ω where S is the entropy of the system, k is → Boltzmann's constant, and Ω the thermodynamic probability of the state. Boltzmann's relation connects → statistical mechanics and → thermodynamics. Ω is the number of possible → microstates of the system, and it represents the → randomness of the system. The relation also describes the statistical meaning of the → second law of thermodynamics. This expression has been carved above Boltzmann's name on his tombstone in Zentralfreihof in Vienna. Same as → Boltzmann's entropy formula.

Boltzmann's constant; → relation.

bond
  بند   
band (#)

Fr.: lien   

The → attractive force that holds together neighboring → atoms in → molecules.

Bond, variant of band, from M.E. bende, O.E. bend, from O.Fr. bande, bende, PIE *bendh- "to bind" (cf. Goth bandi "that which binds;" Av./O.Pers. band- "to bind, fetter," banda- "band, tie" (see below); Skt. bandh- "to bind, tie, fasten," bandhah "a tying, bandage").

Band "band, tie," from Mid.Pers., O.Pers./Av. band- "to bind," banda- "band, tie," also present stem of bastan "to bind, shut," → shutter.

Bond albedo
  سپیدای ِ باند   
sepidâ-ye Bond

Fr.: albedo de Bond   

The fraction of the total amount of electromagnetic radiation falling upon a non-luminous spherical body that is reflected in all directions by that body. The bond albedo takes into account all wavelengths at all → phase angles. Compare with → geometric albedo.

Named after the American astronomer George Phillips Bond (1825-1865), who proposed it; → albedo.

Bondi-Hoyle accretion
  فربال ِ بوندی-هویل   
farbâl-e Bondi-Hoyle

Fr.: accrétion de Bondi-Hoyle   

The → accretion of mass by a star (assumed as point particle) moving at a steady speed through an infinite, uniform gas cloud. It is directly proportional to the star mass (M) and the medium density (ρ) and inversely proportional to the relative star/gas velocity (v). In its classical expression: 4πρ(G M)2 / v3, where G is the → gravitational constant. See Bondi & Hoyle (1944, MNRAS 104, 273) and Bondi (1952, MNRAS 112, 195). For a recent treatment of accretion in a turbulent medium see Krumholtz et al. 2006 (ApJ 638, 369).

Named after Hermann Bondi (1919-2005), an Anglo-Austrian mathematician and cosmologist and Fred Hoyle (1915-2001), British mathematician and astronomer best known as the foremost proponent and defender of the steady-state theory of the universe; → accretion.

Bondi-Hoyle accretion radius
  شعاع ِ فربال ِ بوندی-هویل   
šo'â'-e farbâl-e Bondi-Hoyle

Fr.: rayon de l'accrétion de Bondi-Hoyle   

In the → Bondi-Hoyle accretion process, the radius where the gravitational energy owing to star is larger than the kinetic energy and, therefore, at which material is bound to star. The Bondi-Hoyle accretion radius is given by RBH = 2 GM / (v2 + cs2) where G is the gravitational constant, M is the stellar mass, v the gas/star relative velocity, and cs is the sound speed.

Bondi-Hoyle accretion; → radius.

Bonner Durchmusterung (BD)
     
Bonner Durchmusterung

Fr.: Bonner Durchmusterung   

A catalog of 324,188 stars in the → declination zones +89 to -01 degrees. The goal of the survey was to obtain a → position and estimated → visual magnitude for every star visible with the 78 mm → refracting telescope at Bonn. Actual → magnitude estimates were made and reported to 0.1 mag for all stars down to 9.5 mag. Positions are given to the nearest 0.1 sec in → right ascension and 0.1 arcmin in declination. The survey was carried out by Friedrich W. Argelander (1799-1875) and his assistants in the years 1852-1861.

The Ger. name means Bonn Survey.

Bonnor-Ebert mass
  جرم ِ بونور-ابرت   
jerm-e Bonnor-Ebert

Fr.: masse de Bonnor-Ebert   

The largest gravitationally stable mass of the → Bonnor-Ebert sphere.

After W.B. Bonnor (1956) and R. Ebert (1955); → mass.

Bonnor-Ebert sphere
  سپهر ِ بونور-ابرت، کره‌ی ِ ~   
epehr-e Bonnor-Ebert, kore-ye ~

Fr.: sphère de Bonnor-Ebert   

A sphere of interstellar gas at uniform temperature in equilibrium under its own gravitation and an external pressure. The pressure of a hotter surrounding medium causes the sphere to collapse. → Bonnor-Ebert mass.

Bonnor-Ebert mass; → sphere.

book
  کتاب، نامه، نسک   
ketâb (#), nâmé (#), nask (#)

Fr.: livre   

A bound set of printed or manuscript pages.

M.E., from O.E. boc "book, written document;" cf. Ger. Buch "book;" Du. boek; O.N. bôk; Gothic boka.

Ketâb, loanword from Ar.
Nâmé "book, letter;" Mid.Pers. nâmag "book, letter, inscription;" O.Pers./Av. nāman- "name;" cf. Skt. nama-; Gk. onoma, onuma; L. nomen; PIE *nomen-.
Nask; Mid.Pers. nask "one of the book comprising Avesta;" Av. naska-, literally "bundle, bunch," naskô.frasa- "one who devotes himself to the study of nasks;" cf. Skt. nah- "to tie, bind," nahyati "he ties, binds;" L. nectere "to tie, bind," nodus "node;" O.Ir. nasc "a tie, bond, ring," nascim "I bind."

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>