An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
circumscribed sphere
  سپهر ِ پیراوشته، کره‌ی ِ ~، گوی ِ ~   
sepehr-e pirâvešte, kore-ye ~, guy-e ~

Fr.: sphère circonscrite   

A sphere containing a polyhedron (such as a pyramid) all of whose vertices lie on the surface of the sphere. The polyhedron so contained is said to be inscribed in the sphere.

Circumscribed p.p. of → circumscribe; → sphere.

circumsolar
  پیراخورشیدی   
pirâxoršidi

Fr.: circumsolaire   

Surrounding or revolving around the Sun, such as circumsolar space, circumsolar dust.

Circumsolar, from → circum- + → solar.

circumspect
  پیراگاس   
pirâgâs

Fr.: circonspect   

Watchful and discreet; cautious; prudent:

circum-; → suspect.

circumspection
  پیراگاسش   
pirâgâseš

Fr.: circonspection   

Circumspect observation or action; caution; prudence.

circumspect.

circumstance
  پیراستاد   
pirâstâd

Fr.: circonstance   

A condition or fact attending an event and having some bearing on it.

L. circumstantia "surrounding condition," neut. pl. of circumstans, pr.p. of circumstare "to stand around," from → circum- + stare "to stand" from PIE *sta- "to stand."

Pirâstâd, from pirâ-, → circum-, + âstâd, istâd "standing," from istâdan "to stand," Mid.Pers. êstâtan, O.Pers./Av. sta- "to stand, stand still; set," Av. hištaiti, cf. Skt. sthâ- "to stand," âsthâ- "condition, circumstance," Gk. histemi "put, place, weigh," stasis "a standing still," L. stare "to stand."

circumstellar
  پیراستاره‌ای   
pirâsetâreyi

Fr.: circumstellaire   

Surrounding or occurring around a star.

Circumstellar, from → circum- + → stellar.

circumstellar disk
  گرده‌ی ِ پیراستاره‌ای   
gerde-ye pirâsetâreyi

Fr.: disque circumstellaire   

Any concentration of material in the form of a disk orbiting around a star. → accretion disk; → protoplanetary disk.

circumstellar; → disk.

circumstellar dust
  غبار ِ پیراستاره‌ای   
qobâr-e pirâsetâreyi

Fr.: poussière circumstellaire   

Interstellar → dust grains localized around various types of stars, such as → asymptotic giant branch stars. Circumstellar dust occurs in the form of a spherical shell or a disk and is at the origin of an → infrared excess for the central star. See also → circumstellar matter.

circumstellar; → dust.

circumstellar envelope
  پوشه‌ی ِ پیراستاره‌ای   
puše-ye pirâsetâre-yi

Fr.: enveloppe circumstellaire   

A very extensive envelope of cold gaseous materials surrounding evolved cool stars, notably → red giants, → red supergiants (→ Mira variables), or → asymptotic giant branch stars. The typical size of such envelopes is several thousands times that of the stellar radius and their temperature ranges from 1000 to10 K. Circumstellar envelopes result from mass loss from the central star (10-7 to 10-4solar masses per year) and expand with moderate velocities (10 to 15 km sec-1). The low temperature of the envelope is at the origin of the formation of molecules, which in certain conditions provide → maser emission (H2O, OH, SiO). Similarly, dust grains form in the envelope produce an → infrared excess emission.

circumstellar; → envelope.

circumstellar environment
  پرگیر ِ پیراستاره‌ای   
pargir-e pirâsetâre-yi

Fr.: environnement circumstellaire   

The circumstances or physical conditions related to the immediate surroundings of a star.

circumstellar; → environment.

circumstellar habitable zone
  زنار ِ زیست پذیر ِ پیراستاره‌ای   
zonâr-e zistpazir-e pirâsetâreyi

Fr.: zone habitable circumstellaire   

A zone around a star within which a planet can have temperatures that permit liquid water, depending on the luminosity of the star and the distance of the planet from it.

circumstellar; → habitable zone.

circumstellar maser
  میزر ِ پیراستاره‌ای   
meyzer-e pirâsetâreyi

Fr.: maser circumstellaire   

Maser emission from molecules in the circumstellar envelopes of → red giants, and also from regions around → protostars.

circumstellar; → maser.

circumstellar matter
  ماده‌ی ِ پیراستاره‌ای   
madde-ye pirâsetâreyi

Fr.: matière circumstellaire   

Dust, gas and plasma around stars, generally present in the form of stellar winds or nebulae ejected by the stars.

circumstellar; → matter.

circumstellar outflow
  استچان ِ پیراستاره‌ای   
ostacân-e pirâsetâreyi

Fr.: flot circumstellaire   

A stream of matter into the interstellar medium from a central star.

circumstellar; → outflow.

circumstellar shell
  پوسته‌ی ِ پیراستاره‌ای   
puste-ye pirâsetâreyi

Fr.: coquille circumstellaire   

A shell of dust, molecules, and neutral gas around an evolved star resulting from an intensive mass loss phase, such as the asymptotic giant branch phase for low- and intermediate mass stars and LBVs or supernovae for massive stars.

circumstellar; → shell.

circumzenithal arc
  کمان ِ پیراسرسویی   
kamân-e pirâsarsui

Fr.: arc circumzénithal   

A colorful halo centered on the zenith, appearing when the solar elevation above the horizon is not too high (< 32°).

circum-; → zenithal; → arc.

cislunar
  اینسوماهی، اینسومانگی   
insumâhi, insumângi

Fr.: cislunaire   

Lying between the Earth and the orbit of the Lune. → translunar.

L. cis, cistra "on this side," cf. Gk. ekeinos "that person," E. he, it, O.H.G. he.

Insuumâhi, insumângi, from insu "this side," from in "this" + su "side" + mâhi, mângilunar, → moon.

city
  شهر   
šahr (#)

Fr.: ville, cité   

Any large town or populous place.

M.E. cite, from O.Fr. cite "town, city," from L. civitas "citizenry; community," from civis "native, townsman;" related to L. cuna "cradle; bed;" Gk. kome "village;" Skt. śiva- "auspicious, dear;" O.E. ham "dwelling, house, village;" E. home; Ger. Heim (→ hamlet); Iranian dialects kiye "house, home;" Xonsâri ki "house;" Anâraki xiya, Tâti Karingân , Sangesari keh "house, home;" PIE *kei- "to lie; bed."

Šahr "city," from Mid.Pers. šahr "land, country, city;" O.Pers. xša- "to rule," pati-xša- "to have lordship over," Xšyāršan- "hero among kings" or "ruling over heroes" the proper name of the Achaemenid emperor Helenized as Xerxes, upari.xšay- "to rule over," xšāyaθiya- "king;" Mid.Pers. šâh "king," pâdixšâ(y) "ruler; powerful; authoritative;" Mod.Pers. šâh "king," pâdšâh "protecting lord, emperor, monarch, king," šâyestan "to be worth, suit, fit;" Av. xšā(y)- "to rule, have power," xšayati "has power, rules," xšāyô "power;" cf. Skt. ksā- "to rule, have power," ksáyati "possesses;" Gk. ktaomai "I acquire," ktema "piece of property;" PIE base *tkeh- "to own, obtain."

civil
  شارین   
šârin

Fr.: civil   

Of or relating to citizens and their interrelations with one another or with the state.

M.E., from L. civilis "of or proper to a citizen," from civis "citizen, townsman," from PIE *kei- "to lie, homestead;" → city.

Šârin, from šâr "city," variant šahr; Mid.Pers. šahr "city, country, land" (O.Pers./Av. xšaθra- "kingship, kingdom," (Skt. ksatra-), from xšay-, "to rule;" cf. Skt. ksayati "possesses;" Gk. ktaomai "I acquire," ktema "piece of property") + -in suffix of adjectives, relations and agent nouns (as in qamin "sorrowful," nušin "sweet, agreeable (thing)."

civil time
  زمان ِ شارین   
zamân-e šârin

Fr.: temps civil   

Mean solar time.

civil; → time.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>