An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
time delay distance
  اپست ِ درنگ ِ زمانی   
apest-e derang-e zamâni

Fr.:   

A distance-like quantity derived from → gravitational lensing time delay. It is given by a combination of three angular diameter distances in a strong lens system: DΔt = (1 + zL)[DA(EL)DA(ES) / DA(LS)], where zL is the → redshift of the → gravitational lens, while DA(EL), DA(ES), and DA(LS) are the angular diameter distances from the Earth to the lens, from the Earth to the source, and from the lens to the source, respectively. As each of the distance is proportional to the inverse of H0, DΔt is proportional to 1/H0.

time; → delay; → distance.

time dilation
  فراخش ِ زمان   
farâeš-e zamân

Fr.: dilatation du temps   

A phenomenon related to special and general relativity.
1) In → special relativity, the apparent shortening of time that occurs at speeds approaching that of light. A clock moving relative to a stationary observer will appear to slow down by a factor √(1- v2/c2), where v is the velocity and c the speed of light. → twins paradox.
2) In → general relativity, a clock in a stronger gravitational field runs more slowly. The dilation factor is given by: √(1- 2GM/rc2), where G is the gravitational constant, M the mass of the object creating the gravitational field, r a radial coordinate of the observer, which is analogous to the classical distance from the center of the object, and c the speed of light.

time; dilation, verbal noun of dilate, from M.E. dilaten, from O.Fr. dilater, from L. dilatare "make wider, enlarge," from → dis- "apart" + latus "wide."

Farâxeš, → dilation; zamân, → time.

time of periapsis passage
  زمان ِ گذر از پیراهباک   
zamân-e gozar az pirâhabâk

Fr.: temps de passage au périapse   

One of the → orbital elements, the time when the → secondary body reaches → periapsis.

time; → periapsis; → passage.

time resolution
  واگشود ِ زمانی   
vâgošud-e zamâni

Fr.: résolution temporelle   

Same → temporal resolution.

time; → resolution.

time reversal
  وارونش ِ زمان   
vâruneš-e zamân

Fr.: renversement du temps   

A transformation operating on time in the equations of motion of a dynamical system in which t is replaced by -t.

time; → reversal.

time scale
  مرپل ِ زمان   
marpel-e zamân

Fr.: échelle de temps   

A measure of duration of a specific process, such as → crossing time, → dynamical time scale, → evolutionary time scale, → Kelvin-Helmholtz time scale, → nuclear time scale, → photon escape time, → relaxation time, → star formation time scale.

time; → scale.

time series
  سری ِ زمانی   
seri-ye zamâni

Fr.: série temporelle   

A → sequence of values of a → variable in successive time order, usually at fixed intervals of time.

time; → series.

time zone
  زنار ِ زمان، زمان-زنار   
zonâr-e zamân, zamân-zonâr

Fr.: fuseau horaire   

Any of the 24 zones on the Earth surface delimited by → meridians at approximately 15° intervals. In each time zone a common standard time is used, and the time is one hour earlier than the zone immediately to the east.

time; → zone.

time's arrow
  پیکان ِ زمان   
peykân-e zamân

Fr.: flèche du temps   

The sequence of all natural processes in which the → entropy increases. In other words, the fact that these processes all move in one direction in time and are → irreversible. The past is distinctly different from the future; things always grow older, never younger.

time; arrow, M.E. arewe, arwe, from O.E. arwan, earh "arrow," from P.Gmc. *arkhwo (cf. Goth. arhwanza), from PIE base *arku- "bow and/or arrow," source of Latin arcus, → arc.

Peykân "arrow," → Sagitta; zamân, → time.

timelike
  زمانسان   
zamânsân

Fr.: genre temps   

Of, pertaining to, or describing an → event belonging to the interior of the → light cone.

time; → like.

timelike interval
  اندروار ِ زمانسان   
andarvâr-e zamânsân

Fr.: intervalle genre temps   

The → space-time interval between two → events if it is real, i.e. ds2 > 0.

timelike; → interval.

timepiece
  زمان‌شمار   
zamân-šomâr (#)

Fr.: appareil horaire   

Any mechanical, electric, or electronic device, such as a clock or watch, designed to measure and display the passage of time.

time; → piece.

Zamân-šomâr, literally "time counter," from zamân, → time, + šomâr "counter," from šomârdan "to count," from Mid.Pers. ôšmârtan, ôšmurtan "to reckon, calculate, enumerate, account for," from Av. base (š)mar- "to have in mind, remember, recall," pati-šmar- "to recall; to long for," hišmar-, cf. Skt. smar- "to remember, become aware," smarati "he remembers," L. memor, memoria, Gk. mermera "care," merimna "anxious thought, sorrow," martyr "witness."

tin
  ارزیز، قلعی   
arziz (#), qal'y (#)

Fr.: étain   

A metallic chemical element; symbol Sn (L. stannum for → alloys containing → lead). → Atomic number 50; → atomic weight 118.69; → melting point 231.9681°C; → boiling point 2,270°C; → specific gravity 5.75 (gray), 7.3 (white). The element was known in prehistoric times.

M.E., O.E. tin; cf. M.Du., Du. tin, O.H.G. zin, Ger. Zinn, O.N. tin; related to Fr. étain?

Arziz "tin," from Mid.Pers. arziz "tin, lead," arus "white, bright;" Av. ərəzata- "silver," auruša- "white;" cf. Skt. arjuna- "white, shining," rajata- "silver;" Gk. argos "white," arguron "silver," L. argentum "silver," arguere "to make clear," argmentum "argument;" PIE *arg- "to shine, be white, bright, clear."
Qal'y of unknown origin.

TiO band
  باند ِ TiO   
bând-e TiO

Fr.: bandes TiO   

Any of the several → absorption bands due to the molecule → titanium oxide that are prominent in the spectra of cool → K and → M stars.

titanium oxide; → band.

tip
  ۱) نوک   
1) nok (#)

Fr.: haut, pointe, bout   

1) The top, summit, or apex.
2) To tilt or cause to tilt; overturn, upset, or overthrow.

1) M.E. tip, from M.L.G. or M.Du. tip "utmost point, extremity" (cf. Ger. zipfel, a diminutive formation).
2) From, tip noun from tip (v.) "to overturn, upset," from M.E. typen "to upset, overturn."

1) Nok "tip," variant tok.

tip of the red giant branch method (TRGB)
  روش ِ نوک ِ شاخه‌ی غول‌های ِ سرخ   
raveš-e nok-e šâxe-ye qulhâ-ye sorx

Fr.: méthode du haut de la branche des géantes   

A technique for deriving extragalactic distances which uses the → luminosity of the brightest → red giant branch stars in old → stellar populations as a → standard candle. For old (> 2-3 Gyr), → metal-poor ([Fe/H] < -0.7) stellar populations, this luminosity is relatively well determined, and the → absolute magnitude of these stars in the I band is roughly constant (MI = -4.1 ± 0.1).

tip; → red giant; → branch; → method.

tip-tilt mirror
  آینه‌یِ کج-و-راست-گر   
âyene-ye kaj-o-râst-gar

Fr.: miroir inclinable   

A rapidly moving → mirror used in → adaptive optics to correct overall movements of the incoming → wavefront of light caused by → atmospheric turbulence. The simplest form of adaptive optics is tip-tilt correction, which corresponds to correction of the tilts of the wavefront in two dimensions. This is done by tipping and tilting the mirror rapidly in response to overall changes in position of a reference star. See also → deformable mirror.

From, tip noun from tip (v.) "to overturn, upset," from M.E. typen "to upset, overturn" + tilt noun from tilt (v.) "to cause to lean, incline, slope, or slant," → tilt; → mirror.

Âyené, → mirror; kaj "turned aside; crooked, bent" (cf. Skt. kubja- "hump-backed, crooked," Pali kujja- "bent," L. gibbus "hump, hunch," Lith. kupra "hump") + -o- "and" + râstright + -gar agent noun suffix → -or.

tired
  خسته   
xasté (#)

Fr.: fatigué   

Exhausted of strength and energy.

Past participle of tire "to weary; become weary," M.E. tyren, O.E. teorian, of unknown origin.

Xasté "tired; hurt, wounded;" Mid.Pers. xastan, xad- "to injure, wound;" Av. vīxaδ- "to crush;" Proto-Iranian *xad- "to wound, hurt."

tired light
  نور ِ خسته   
nur-e xasté

Fr.: fatigue de la lumière   

The hypothesis that photons from distant objects lose energy during their intergalactic journey to us, thereby increasing in wavelength and becoming redshifted. This would provide an alternative to the → Big Bang model in accounting for the → redshifts of distant galaxies. However, there is no evidence for any such tired-light effect. First discussed by F. Zwicky (1929, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 15, 773).

tired; → light.

Tisserand's parameter
  پارامون ِ تیسران   
pârâmun-e Tisserand

Fr.: paramètre de Tisserand   

In celestial mechanics, a combination of orbital elements commonly used to distinguish between comets and asteroids. Objects whose Tisserand's parameter value is smaller than 3 are considered to be dynamically cometary, and those with a value larger than 3 asteroidal. Also called Tisserand's invariant.

Named after François Félix Tisserand (1845-1896), French astronomer, Director of the Paris Observatory (1892).

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>