An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
absorbing wedge
  گُوه‌ی ِ درشمنده   
gove-ye daršamandé

Fr.: coin absorbant   

Optics: A strip or annulus of material, such as glass or film, whose density increases progressively from one end to the other. The function of the wedge is to weaken the light beam in an optical system.

Verbal adj. from → absorb; → wedge.

absorption
  درشم   
daršam

Fr.: absorption   

1) General: The process or fact of absorbing.
2) Physics: The action of energy or matter penetrating or being assimilated into a body of matter with no reflection or emission. → adsorption, → desorption, → sorption.
See also: → absorption band, → absorption coefficient, → absorption curve, → absorption feature, → absorption line, → absorption nebula, → absorption spectrum, → atmospheric absorption, → discrete absorption component, → foreground absorption, → intergalactic absorption, → internal absorption, → interstellar absorption, → mass absorption coefficient, → photoabsorption, → selective absorption, → self-absorption.

Verbal noun of → absorb; → -tion, from L. absorptionem.

absorption band
  باند ِ درشمی   
bând-e daršami

Fr.: bande d'absorption   

1) A series of very closely spaced absorption lines in stellar spectra resulting from the absorption of light by molecules. Bands caused by titanium oxide (→ TiO bands) and carbon compounds occur in the spectra of low temperature M and C stars.
2) A range of wavelengths, usually in electromagnetic radiation, that are absorbed by a given substance. Absorption bands are characteristic of molecules and correspond to changes of electron orbits in the molecules. See also → anomalous dispersion.

absorption; → band.

absorption coefficient
  همگر ِ درشم   
hamgar-e daršam

Fr.: coefficient d'absorption   

The fraction of normally incident light that is absorbed per unit path length or by a unit mass of absorbing medium.

absorption; → coefficient.

absorption curve
  خم ِ درشم   
xam-e daršam

Fr.: courbe d'absorption   

A graphic representation of the amount of radiant energy absorbed by a material as a function of the wavelength.

absorption; → curve.

absorption feature
  آرنگ ِ درشم   
ârang-e daršam

Fr.: motif d'absorption   

A dip in a spectrum indicating that light has been absorbed on the path from the emitting source to the observer. It may be a line, corresponding to a well-defined atomic or molecular transition, or a more complex feature whose physical origin is not necessarily understood.

absorption; → feature.

absorption line
  خط ِ درشمی   
xatt-e daršami

Fr.: raie d'absorption   

A dark line in the spectrum of a source produced by a lower temperature gas cloud lying between the source and the observer.

absorption; → line.

absorption nebula
  میغ ِ درشمی   
miq-e daršami

Fr.: nébuleuse par absorption, nébuleuse obscure   

A dark cloud of dust and gas that absorbs light from and impedes the view of background stars; dark nebula.

absorption; → nebula.

absorption spectrum
  بیناب ِ درشمی   
binâb-e daršami

Fr.: spectre d'absorption   

A spectrum of absorption lines or bands, produced when light from a hot source, itself producing a continuous spectrum, passes through a cooler gas.

absorption; → spectrum.

absorptivity
  درشما‌یی   
daršamâyi

Fr.: absorptivité   

The ratio of energy absorbed by a body to energy incident upon the same body.

Absorptivity, from absorptive adj. from → absorb + → -ity, suffix expressing state or condition.

Daršamâyi, from daršamâ quality adj. from daršam, present stem of daršamidan + -yi noun suffix.

absorptivity-emissivity ratio
  وابر ِ درشما‌یی-گسیلا‌یی   
vâbar-e daršamâyi/gosilâyi

Fr.: rapport absorptivité-émissivité   

For a spatial object, the ratio between its absorption of solar radiation and its infrared emission.

absorptivity; → emissivity; → ratio.

abstain
  پرهیزیدن، پرهیز کردن   
parhizidan, parhiz kardan

Fr.: s'abstenir   

To keep oneself from doing or partaking of something; refrain. → avoid.

M.E. absteynen, absteinen, abstenen, from O.Fr. abstiner, abstenir, astenir "hold (oneself) back, refrain voluntarily," from L. abstinere / abstenere "withhold, keep back," from → ab-"off, away from" + tenere "to hold," from PIE root *ten- "to stretch," → tension.

Parhiz, from Mid.Pers. pahrêzidan, pahrêxtan "to keep away from, abstain," ultimately from Proto-Ir. *pati-raic-, from prefix *pati- + *raic- "to leave, let abandon;" cf. Av. raēc- "to leave, let;" Pers. (+ *ui-) gorêz-, goriz-, gorixtan "to run away, flee;" Skt. rec- "to leave, release;" Gk. leipo "I let;" L. linquô "I leave;" PIE base *leikw- "to leave, let."

abstinence
  پرهیز   
parhiz (#)

Fr.: abstinence   

The act or practice of abstaining from indulging a desire or appetite.

Verbal noun of → abstain.

abstract
  ۱) آهنجیده؛ ۲) آهنجیده، چکیده   
1) âhanjidé (#); 2) âhanjidé (#), cekidé (#)

Fr.: 1) abstrait; 2) abstrait, sommaire   

1a) (adj.) A designation of what derives from → abstraction. Contrasted to → concrete.
1b) Dissociated from any concrete reality or specific instance.
2a) (n.) An abstract thing or state.
2b) A summary of a scientific article, document, speech, etc.

M.E., from L. abstractus "drawn away," p.p. of abstrahere "to draw away, withdraw," from abs- "away," from → ab- + trahere "to draw," → attract.

1) Âhanjidé, p.p. of âhanjidan, variants âhixtan, âxtan "to draw, pull, extract," → object.
2) Cekidé, literally "dropped, oozed out," from cekidan "to drop, distill, fall in small portions, as water," from cek, cekké "a drop, as water," probably an onomatopoeia.

abstract object
  بر‌آخت ِ آهنجیده   
barâxt-e âhanjidé

Fr.: objet abstrait   

An entity that does not exist in space or time and is not perceptible. Some examples are universals, sets, geometrical figures, and numbers.

abstract; → object.

abstraction
  آهنجش   
âhanješ (#)

Fr.: abstraction   

1) The mental process in which an element or quality is separated from a total object. Also the result of this process.
2) Chemistry: → abstraction reaction.

Verbal noun from → abstract; → -tion.

abstraction reaction
  واژیرش ِ آهنجش   
vâžireš-e âhanješ (#)

Fr.: réaction d'abstraction   

Chemistry: A bimolecular chemical reaction that involves removal of an atom or ion from a molecule. For example, hydrogen abstraction from methane: CH4 + Cl → CH3 + HCl.

abstraction; → reaction.

absurd
  یاوه   
yâvé (#)

Fr.: absurde   

Ridiculously senseless, illogical, or untrue; contrary to all reason. → reductio ad absurdum, → absurdity. See also → nonsense.

M.Fr. absurde, from L. absurdus "out of tune; foolish," from surdus "deaf, stupid, inaudible."

Yâvé, literally "unrelated speech," ultimately from *ui-vaka-, from *ui- "apart, away," → transit, + *vaka- "word, speech," → word.

absurdity
  یاوگی   
yâvegi (#)

Fr.: absurdité   

The quality or state of being absurd; something that is absurd.

absurd + → -ity.

abundance
  فراوانی   
farâvâni (#)

Fr.: abondance   

1) The relative amount of a given → chemical element with respect to other elements.
2) The amount of an → isotope relative to other isotopes of the same element in a given sample. → overabundance; → underabundance.

M.E., from O.Fr. abundance, from L. abundantia "fullness," from abundare "to overflow," from L. → ab- "away" + undare "to surge," from unda "water, wave."

Farâvâni "abundance," from farâvân "abundant," from feré "much, more; increase; priority;" Mid.Pers. frêh "more, much;" O.Pers. fra- "before, forth;" Av. frā, fərrā "forth, forward;" PIE base *pro-; cf. L. pro "on behalf of, in place of, before, for;" Gk. pro- "before, in front of."

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>