An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
celestial
  آسمانی   
âsmâni (#)

Fr.: céleste   

Of or relating to the sky or visible heavens.

M.E., from O.Fr., from M.L. celestialis, from L. cælestis "heavenly," from cælum "heaven, sky."

Âsmâni related to âsmân, → sky.

celestial axis
  آسه‌ی ِ آسمانی   
âse-ye âsmân (#)

Fr.: axe du monde   

The Earth's axis extended to the → celestial pole.

celestial; → axis.

celestial body
  اختر، جسم ِ آسمانی   
axtar (#), jesm-e âsmâni (#)

Fr.: corps céleste   

astronomical object.

celestial; → body.

celestial coordinates
  هماراهای ِ آسمانی   
hamârâhâ-ye âsmâni (#)

Fr.: coordonées célestes   

Any system of coordinates used to define a point on the celestial sphere (zenith distance, altitude, celestial latitude, celestial longitude, etc.).

celestial; → coordinates.

celestial equator
  هموگار ِ آسمانی   
hamugâr-e âsmâni

Fr.: équateur céleste   

An imaginary great circle on the sky half-way between the → celestial poles. It is the projection of the → equator of the Earth on the sky.

celestial; → equator.

celestial globe
  گوی ِ آسمانی   
gu-ye âsmâni

Fr.: globe céleste   

A small globe representing the celestial sphere, on which the apparent positions of the stars are indicated.

celestial; → globe.

celestial horizon
  افق ِ آسمانی   
ofoq-e âsmâni (#)

Fr.: horizon céleste   

A great circle on the → celestial sphere having a plane that passes through the center of the Earth at a right angle to the line formed by an observer's → zenith and → nadir.

celestial; → horizon.

celestial latitude
  ورونای ِ آسمانی   
varunâ-ye âsmâni

Fr.: latitude céleste   

Angular distance → north or → south measured from the → ecliptic to a → celestial object.

celestial; → latitude.

celestial longitude
  درژنای ِ آسمانی   
derežnâ-ye âsmâni

Fr.: longitude céleste   

Angular distance to an object measured eastward along the → ecliptic from the → vernal equinox.

celestial; → longitude.

Derežnâ, → longitude; âsmânicelestial.

celestial mechanics
  مکانیک ِ آسمانی   
mekânik-e âsmâni (#)

Fr.: mécanique céleste   

The branch of astronomy that deals with the calculation of motions of celestial bodies under the action of their mutual gravitational attractions.

celestial; → mechanics.

Mekânik, → mechanics; âsmâni, → celestial.

celestial meridian
  نیمروزان ِ آسمانی   
nimruzân-e âsmâni (#)

Fr.: méridien céleste   

The great circle on the → celestial sphere, passing through the two → celestial poles and the observer's → zenith.

celestial; → meridian.

celestial object
  بر‌آخت ِ آسمانی   
barâxt-e âsmâni

Fr.: objet céleste   

astronomical object.

celestial; → object.

celestial pole
  قطب ِ آسمان   
qotb-e âsmân (#)

Fr.: pole céleste   

The point of the sky, north or south, where the projection of the Earth's axis of rotation intersects the → celestial sphere. They are at 90° relative to the → celestial equator. Because of → precession, the celestial poles describe a circle around the ecliptic's poles every 25,800 years.

celestial; → pole.

celestial sphere
  سپهر ِ آسمانی، کره‌ی ِ ~   
sepehr-e âsmân (#), kore-ye ~ (#)

Fr.: sphère céleste   

An imaginary sphere, of large but indefinite dimension, used as a basis to define the position coordinates of celestial bodies. The center can be the Earth, the observer, or any other point which plays the role of origin for a given system of coordinates. Seen from the Earth, the celestial sphere rotates around the → celestial axis every 23h 56m 04s (the → sidereal day), as a result of the Earth's rotation. Two important circles on the celestial sphere are the → celestial equator and the → ecliptic. The angle between them, about 23.40 degrees, is known as the → obliquity of the ecliptic. The celestial equator and the ecliptic intersect at two points, → vernal equinox and → autumnal equinox. The positions of the → celestial poles and therefore that of the → celestial equator move gradually on the celestial sphere, due to → precession.

celestial; → sphere.

cell
  ۱، ۲) یاخته؛ ۳) پیل، باتری   
1, 2) yâxté (#); 3) pil, bâtri (#)

Fr.: 1, 2) cellule; 3) élément, pile   

1) General: A small compartment or bounded area forming part of a whole.
2) Fluid mechanics: A body of fluid (air, liquid, or → plasma) in which the process of → convection proceeds.
3) Electricity: A device for producing electric current by chemical action.

From L. cella "small room, hut," related to L. celare "to hide, conceal," from PIE base *kel- "conceal" (cf. Skt. cala "hut, house," Gk. kalia "hut, nest," kalyptein "to cover").

Yâxté "small room, closet," etymology unknown.

Celsius scale
  مرپل ِ سلسیوس   
marpel-e Celsiu

Fr.: échelle de Celsius   

The official name of the centigrade temperature scale with the → ice point as 0° and the → boiling point of water as 100°. The Celsius scale uses a degree (the unit of temperature) which has the same magnitude as the degree on the → Kelvin scale: TC = TK - 273.15. See also → Fahrenheit scale, → Rankine scale, → Reaumur scale.

In honor of Anders Celsius (1701-1744), Swedish astronomer, originator of the first centigrade temperature scale. However, in his original scale Celsius had 100° for the ice point and 0° for the steam point; → scale.

Centaur asteroid
  سیارک ِ کنتاؤر   
sayyârak-e Kentâwr (#)

Fr.: astéroïde Centaure   

An → asteroid whose orbit around the Sun lies typically between the orbits of → Jupiter and → Neptune Neptune (5 to 30 → astronomical units). The first Centaur, called → Chiron, was discovered in 1977, but since then more than 100 roughly similar objects have been found. Three centaurs, Chiron, 60558 Echeclus, and 166P/NEAT 2001 T4, have been found to display → cometary  → comas. Chiron and 60558 Echeclus are now classified as both asteroids and → comets. Most of the Centaur asteroids are probably dormant comets from the → Kuiper belt which have been pulled in by the gravity of → outer planets.

Centaurus; → asteroid.

Centaurus
  کنتاؤروس   
Kentâwros (#)

Fr.: Centaure   

The Centaur. A → constellation in the southern hemisphere covering an extensive area of about 1060 square degrees from R.A. 11 h to 15 h and Dec. -30° to -64°. Abbreviation: Cen, genitive form: Centauri. Centaurus is the ninth largest constellation in the sky, but it does not contain any → Messier objects. The brightest star in constellation is → Alpha Centauri which is also the third brightest star in the sky. Beta Centauri, the second brightest star in Centaurus, also called → Hadar, is the eleventh brightest star in night sky. Among other bright stars of the constellation are: Menkent (θ Cen), γ Cen, ε Cen, and η Cen. There are three → meteor showers associated with the constellation: the Alpha Centaurids, the Omicron Centaurids, and the Theta Centaurids. The constellation contains several extragalactic objects, among which: Centaurus A (NGC 5128), Omega Centauri, and NGC 5139.

L. centaurus, from Gk. kentauros, cf. Av. gandarəwa- "a mythical monster killed by Kərəsâspa," Skt. gandharva- "name of mythical beings related with Soma." In Gk. mythology, centaurs were half-man half-horse creatures living on Mount Pelion in Thessaly, northern Greece. They were followers of the wine god Dionysus and well known for drunkenness and carrying off helpless young maidens.

Kentâwros, from Gk. "Kentauros." Arabicized Qenturis (قنطورس).

Centaurus A
  کنتاؤروس A   
Kentâwros A

Fr.: Centaurus A   

The closest (3.8 ± 0.1 Mpc) → radio galaxy with a physical age of about 560 Myr, associated with the massive → elliptical galaxy NGC 5128. The nucleus harbours a → supermassive black hole, with a mass (5.5 ± 3.0) × 107 Msol derived from stellar → kinematics. A prominent → dust lane, with → starburst, crosses the central parts. Centaurus A shows a twin → jet in → radio and → X-ray bands, symmetrical on parsec scales but with evident asymmetry on kpc scales. The main (i.e. northern) jet which is markedly brighter than the counterjet, is seen at a viewing angle of approximately 50°. From photoionization models for such a viewing angle, the → Lorentz factor of the jet is derived to be ≤ 5. A large number of radio and X-ray → knots is discernible in the jet on kpc scales with the radio knots of larger proper motions showing comparatively little X-ray emission (see S. Wykes et al. 2015, MNRAS 447, 1005, and references therein).

Situated in the → Centaurus constellation.

Centaurus supercluster
  ابرخوشه‌ی ِ کنتاؤروس   
abarxuše-ye Kentawros

Fr.: superamas du Centaur   

The nearest large → supercluster. It is dominated by the → galaxy cluster A3526 (→ Abell catalog). The Centaurus supercluster is a long structure that stretches away from us. The most distant of the clusters, A3581, is about 300 million → light-years away.

Centaurus; → cluster.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>