An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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cyclic process
  فراروند ِ چرخه‌ای   
farâravand-e carxe-yi

Fr.: processus cyclique   

Any sequence of changes in a → thermodynamic system that returns the system into its → initial  → state.

cyclic; → process.

cyclic quadrilateral
  چهاربر ِ چرخه‌ای   
cahârbar-e carxe-yi

Fr.: quadrilatère cyclique   

A quadrilateral in which all four vertices lie on the circumference of a circle.

cyclic; → quadrilateral.

cycloid
  چرخزاد   
carxzâd (#)

Fr.: cycloïde   

The curve traced by a point on the circumference of a circle that rolls along a straight line. The cycloid has a → cusp at every point where it touches the straight line. The distance between cusps is 2πR, where R is the radius of the circle.

Cycloid, from Gk. kykloeides "circular," fr. kyklos "circle," → cycle + eides "form," → -oid.

Carxzâd, from carx "wheel, circle," → cycle + zâd "produced, created, born," from zâdan "give birth" (Av. zan- "to bear, give birth to a child, be born," infinitive zazâite, zâta- "born," cf. Skt. janati "begets, bears," Gk. gignesthai "to become, happen" L. gignere "to beget," gnasci "to be born," PIE base *gen- "to give birth, beget").

cyclone
  چرخند   
carxand (#)

Fr.: cyclone   

Any circulatory wind system in the atmosphere in which the motion is anticlockwise in the northern hemisphere (that is in the same sense as that of Earth) and clockwise in the southern hemisphere, around a center of low pressure.

From Gk. kyklon "moving in a circle, whirling around," pr.p. of kykloun "move in a circle, whirl," from kyklos "circle," cognate with Pers. carxcycle.

Carxand "moving in a circle," from carxidanrotate, from carx, → cycle.

cyclonic
  چرخندی   
carxandi

Fr.: cyclonique   

Having a sense of rotation about the local vertical the same as that of the Earth's rotation. More specifically, as viewed from above, → counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, → clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere, and undefined at the equator. The opposite of → anticyclonic (Meteorology Glossary, American Meteorological Society).

cyclone; → -ic.

cyclotron
  سیکلوترون   
siklotron (#)

Fr.: cyclotron   

An → accelerator in which charged subatomic particles generated at a central source are accelerated to acquire energies up to several tens of millions of → electron-volts. The cyclotron consists of two flat, semicircular metal boxes or electrodes, called dees or D's because of their shape. An alternating electric field between the dees continuously accelerates the particles from one dee to the other, while the magnetic field bends their direction guiding them in a circular path. As the speed of the particles increases, so does the radius of their path, and the particles spiral outward. See also → cyclotron frequency, → synchrotron.

From cyclo- a combining form meaning → cycle + → -tron.

cyclotron frequency
  بسامد ِ سیکلوترون   
basâmad-e siklotron

Fr.: fréquence cyclotron   

The frequency with which a → non-relativistic particle of charge q and mass m turns in a cyclotron with → uniform magnetic field B. The equality of the → centripetal force to the → Lorentz force leads to the expression: by: fcycl = qB/2πm. For → relativistic case, the frequency is smaller and is called → synchrotron frequency.

cyclotron; → frequency.

cyclotron radius
  شعاع ِ سیکلوترون   
šo'â'-e siklotron

Fr.: rayon de cyclotron   

Same as → Larmor radius.

cyclotron; → radius.

Cygnus
  ماکیان   
Mâkiyân (#)

Fr.: Cygne   

The Swan. A prominent northern → constellation that lies in the glowing band of the Milky way, east of Lyra and north of Vulpecula, and represents a swan. The brightest stars of Cygnus form a cross, so it is also known as the Northern Cross. Abbreviation: Cyg, genitive: Cygni.

From L. cygnus "swan," from Gk. kuknos.

Mâkiyân "a hen, fowl."

Cygnus A
  ماکیان A   
Mâkiyân A

Fr.: Cygnus A   

The strongest extragalactic radio source in the sky approximately 109 light-years away in the → constellation  → Cygnus. Also called 3C 405.

Cygnus.

Cygnus loop
  گردال ِ ماکیان   
gerdâl-e mâkiyân

Fr.: boucle du Cygne   

A large supernova remnant in the → constellation  → Cygnus, some 80 light-years across, lying about 2,500 light-years away. The loop is expanding at over 100 km/s and is thought to be about 30 000 years old.

Cygnus, → loop.

Cygnus OB association
  آهزش ِ OB ماکیان   
âhazeš-e OB Mâkiyân

Fr.: association OB Cygne   

One of nine → OB associations located in the Cygnus → constellation. The central association, → Cygnus OB2, is the most famous and the youngest of the Cygnus region. (L. Mahy et al. 2013, astro-ph/1301.0500 and references therein).

Cygnus; → OB star; → association.

Cygnus OB2 (Cyg OB2)
   OB2 ماکیان   
OB2 Mâkiyân

Fr.: Cygnus OB2   

The nearest example of a → massive star region of → star formation, containing 65 known → O-type stars and hundreds of → B-type stars. Cygnus OB2 lies at a distance of 1.45 → kpc. It is the central association, the most famous, and one of the youngest of the Cygnus region. Cyg OB2 possibly has two → populations with ages of 3.5-5 Myr, while the → O stars seem to belong to a younger population, aged about 2 Myr.

Cygnus; → OB association; 2 because there are several OB associations in Cygnus; → Cygnus OB association.

Cygnus X-1
  ماکیان X-۱   
Mâkiyân X-1

Fr.: Cygnus X-1   

A → binary system containing one of the best candidates for a → black hole. Cygnus X-1 was discovered as an → X-ray source in 1965. It is one of the brightest X-ray sources on the sky, so that it was detected by the earliest → X-ray observation attempts. This binary system, distant of 2.5 kpc, consists of the O9.7 Iab type → supergiant HDE 226868 and a → compact object orbiting around with a period of 5.6 days. The mass of the unseen companion, significantly larger than 5 → solar masses, suggests that it is a black hole. Focused → wind accretion from a → primary star being extremely close to filling the → Roche lobe drives the powerful source of the X-ray radiation.

Cygnus.

cylinder
  استوانه   
ostovâné (#)

Fr.: cylindre   

The surface traced by one side of a rectangle rotating about its parallel side, the latter serving as axis.

From Fr. cylindre, from L. cylindrus "roller, cylinder," from Gk. kylindros "a cylinder, roller, roll," from kylindein "to roll."

Osotvâné, from sotun "column," Mid.Pers. stun, from O.Pers. stênâ "column," Av. stuna-, Skt. sthuna- "column."

cylindrical
  استوانه‌ای   
ostovâne-yi (#)

Fr.: cylindrique   

Of, pertaining to, or having the form of a cylinder.

From L. cylindricus, from Gk. kylindrikos, see → cylinder; → -ic; → -al.

cylindrical coordinates
  هماراهای ِ استوانه‌ای   
hamârâhâ-ye ostovâne-yi (#)

Fr.: coordonnées cylindriques   

A coordinate system for a point in space, using an origin (O) and three perpendicular axes (Ox, Oy, Oz), in which a point (P) in space is specified by three numbers ρ, φ, z. The two first numbers, ρ and φ, are → polar coordinates for the vertical projection of P on the xy-plane, and z is the vertical distance of P from the xy-plane.

cylindrical; → coordinate.

cylindrical lens
  عدسی ِ استوانه‌ای   
adasi-ye ostovâneyi (#)

Fr.: lentille cylindrique   

A lens in which at least one surface is formed like a portion of a cylinder. Also called astigmatic lens.

cylinder; → lens.

Cynthian
  ماهی، مانگی   
mâhi (#), mângi (#)

Fr.: cynthien   

Referring to the Moon.

From L. Cynthia "the Moon," from Gk. Kynthia "woman from Kynthos." Kynthos was the mountain on Delos on which she and her twin brother Apollo were born.

Mâhi, mângi referring to mâh, mâng, → moon.

Cytherean
  ناهیدی   
Nâhidi (#)

Fr.: cythérien   

Referring to the planet Venus.

From Cythera, in Gk. mythology another name of Aphrodite (Roman equivalent Venus), goddess of love and beauty, since she was believed to emerge from the Mediterranean island Cythera.

Nâhidi referring to Nâhid, planet Venus, Mid.Pers. Anahid "immaculate, unstained," goddess of pure waters and fertility, from Av. arədvi-sûra-anâhita, from arədvi- "increasing, rising," + sûra- "strong, powerful" (Skt. śūra- "valient, courageous") + anâhita "unstained," from an- negation prefix + âhita "spotted."

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>