An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
quiet Sun
  خورشید ِ آرام   
xoršid-e ârâm

Fr.: Soleil calme   

The Sun when the 11-year cycle of → solar activity is at a minimum.

Quiet, M.E., from from O.Fr. quiete, from L. quies (genitive quietis) "rest, quiet;" → Sun.

Xoršid, → Sun; ârâm "quiet, rest, tranquility," → rest.

quintessence
  پنجمین‌گوهر   
panjomin gowhar (#)

Fr.: quintessence   

In cosmology, a hypothetical new "element," distinct from any normalmatter (either → baryonic or not) or radiation, intended to explain the observed ever → accelerating expansion of the Universe. Quintessence can have several types and differs from the → cosmological constant in that it can vary in space and time. In modern physics, the four known "elements" are the → baryons (proton, neutron, etc.), the → leptons (neutrinos, electrons, etc.), the → photon, and the hypothetical → non-baryonic matter, which is thought to be 80% of the total matter in the Universe. The quintessence field is a possibility which can be confirmed or disproved by measurements of the → dark energy value at different → redshifts. In some models, the quintessence is fine-tuned to explain both the → cosmological constant problem and the → inflation in the very → early Universe.

Literally "fifth essence," from M.Fr. quinte essence, from M.L. quinta essentia, from L. quinta, fem. of quintus "fifth," from quinque "five," cognate with Pers. panj, → five + essentia "being, essence," from esse "being; → existence" + -entia "-ence." In Aristotelianism, the fifth element, distinguished from the four earthly elements, was the substance of celestial bodies. Subsequently, quintessence became the purest, most highly concentrated form of a nature or essence.

Panjomin gowhar "fifth essence," from panjomin "fifth," from panj, → five, cognate with L. quinque, + gowhar "essence, substance; jewel, pearl, gem," Mid.Pers. gohr "essence, substance; jewel; stock, lineage;" cf. Skt. gôtra- "family, race, lineage, origin."

quintet
  پنج‌تایه   
panjtâyé

Fr.: quintette   

Any group of five things or persons. → Stephan's Quintet.

From Fr. quintette, from It. quintetto, diminutive of quinto "fifth," from L. quintus, related to quinque "five" cognate with Pers. panjfive.

Panjtâyé, from panj, → five, + "fold, plait, ply, part;" Mid.Pers. tâg "piece, part" + -(y)é nuance suffix.

quintic
  پنجمیک   
panjomik

Fr.: quintique   

Math.: Of the fifth degree; a quantity of the fifth degree.

From L. quint(us) "fifth," → five, + → -ic;

Panjomik, from panjom "fifth," from panj "five" + -om "-th" + -ik, → -ic.

quintic equation
  هموگش ِ پنجمیک   
hamugeš-e panjomik

Fr.: équation quintique   

An equation containing unknowns of the fifth power.

quintic; → equation.

quintic polynomial
  بلنامین ِ پنجمیک   
bolnâmin-e panjomik

Fr.: polynôme quintique   

A polynomial of degree five.

quintic; → polynomial.

Quintuplet cluster
  خوشه‌ی ِ پنجتایه   
xuše-ye panjtâyé

Fr.: amas du quintuplet   

A bright → open cluster of stars located within 100 light-years of the center of the Milky Way Galaxy, and one of the three → Galactic center clusters. The Quintuplet cluster was originally noted for its five very bright stars, but it is now known to contain many luminous → massive stars that are not detected at visible wavelengths due to heavy extinction by dust along the line of sight. The cluster is about 4 million years old and had an initial mass over 104 solar masses. The five brighter stars of the cluster are dusty → WC Wolf-Rayet stars. The Quintuplet cluster also contains two → Luminous Blue Variables, the Pistol star and FMM362. The Pistol star has a luminosity 107 times solar making it one of the most luminous stars known. The Quintuplet cluster is more dispersed than the nearby → Arches cluster.

Quintuplet, from the five brightest stars originally observed; → cluster.

quota
  بهرال   
bahrâl

Fr.: quota   

1) General: A proportional part or share of a fixed total amount or quantity.
2) Computers: The amount of a resource (disk, memory, CPU time, etc.) that is allocated to a user.

From L. quota pars "how big a share?," from quotus "of what number."

Bahrâl, from bahr "part, portion, share, lot," → quotient + -âl, → -al.

quotient
  بهر   
bahr (#)

Fr.: quotient   

The number resulting from the division of one number by another. Also the fractional notation that indicates this number.

From L. quotiens "how many times," from quot "how many," related to quis "who."

Bahr "part, portion, share, lot," related to baxš "portion, part, division," baxšidan "to divide, distribute, grant" (Mid.Pers. baxt "fortune, fate," baxtan, baxšidan "to distribute, divide;" Av. base bag- "to attribute, allot, distribute," baxš- "to apportion, divide, give to," baxta- "what is allotted (luck, fortune)," baxədra- "part, portion," baγa- "master, god;" O.Pers. bâji- "tribute, tax;" cf. Skt. bhaj- "to share, divide, distribute, apportion," bhájati "divides," bhakta- "allotted; occupied with; a share; food or a meal, time of eating?" pitu-bháj- "enjoying food;" Gk. phagein "to eat (to have a share of food)"; PIE base *bhag- "to share out, apportion").

R Aquarii
   R آبکش   
R Âbkeš

Fr.: R Aquarii   

A peculiar → Mira variable with a → pulsation period of 387 days surrounded by an extended → emission nebula. R Aqr is a → symbiotic  → binary star with a mass-losing, pulsating → red giant and an accreting hot companion with a jet → outflow which ionizes an emission nebula. The orbital period of the R Aqr binary is about 44 years as inferred from periodic phases of reduced brightness observed around 1890, 1933, and 1977. These phases are interpreted as partial obscurations of the mira by the companion with its → accretion disk and the associated gas and dust flows. The inferred orbital period is supported by → radial velocity measurements (Schmid et al., 2018, A&A 602, A53 and references therein).

R, → Beyer designation; → Aquarius.

R association
  آهزش ِ R   
âhazeš-e R

Fr.: association R   

A → stellar association containing a number of → reflection nebulae. The stars are of low or intermediate mass and young, less than a million years old. They are still surrounded by patches of dust that reflect and absorb light from the interstellar cloud in which they formed. This type of association was first suggested by Sidney van den Bergh (1966, AJ 71, 900).

R, from → reflection; → association.

r-process
  فراروند ِ r   
farâravand-e r

Fr.: processus r   

A → nucleosynthesis process in which → chemical elements heavier than → zinc are created through the intense bombardment of other elements by → neutrons in rapid succession. The essential feature of the r-process is the release of great numbers of neutrons in a very short time (less than 100 seconds). The r-process is a "rapid" version of the → s-process, occurring in supernova → core collapse and possibly when a → neutron star merges with a → black hole in a → binary star.

r stands for rapid, since the process entails a succession of rapid neutron captures on iron seed nuclei; → process.

R-type ionization front
  پیشان ِ یونش ِ گونه‌ی ِ R   
pišân-e yoneš-e gune-ye R

Fr.: front d'ionisation de type R   

A spherical → ionization front of → H II regions that moves radially outward from the → exciting star at a velocity much higher than → sound speed in the surrounding cold neutral gas of uniform density (ahead of the front). R-type ionization fronts corresponds to early evolution of H II regions, and will eventually transform into → D-type ionization fronts. If the motion of the front is supersonic relative to the gas behind as well as ahead of the front, the front is referred to as weak R. The strong R front correspond to a large density increase across the front.

R referring to a rarefied gas; → type; → ionization; → front.

R136
     
R136

Fr.: R136   

The central object of the → 30 Doradus nebula in the → Large Magellanic Cloud. Also known as HD 38268, it was thought to be a single star of several thousands → solar masses until → speckle interferometry techniques resolved it into a rich and compact star cluster. Recent high-resolution studies have shown that R136 contains 39 known O3 stars, which is more than known to be contained in the rest of the → Milky Way, → LMC, and → SMC combined. R136 is a prototype "super star cluster," with an estimated mass of 105 solar masses. Its most massive stars are less than 1-2 million yeas old, while its lower-mass stars formed 4-5 millions years ago.

The Radcliffe serial number 136 (Feast et al. 1960, MNRAS 121, 25).

race
  ۱) نژاد؛ ۲) تاز   
1) nežâd (#); 2) tâz

Fr.: 1) race; 2) course   

1a) A group of persons related by common descent or heredity.
1b) A population so related.
2) A contest of speed, as in running, riding, driving, or sailing (Dictionary.com).

1) From M.Fr. race "race, breed, lineage, family," from It. razza, (cf. Sp. and Port. raza), of unknown origin.
2) M.E. ras(e), from O.N. ras "running, race," cognate with O.E. ræs "a running, a rush, a leap, jump."

1) Nežâd, literally "born," ultimately from Proto-Ir. *nizat-, cf. Av. nizənta- "born," from → ni- + *zan- "to give birth, to be born," cognate with âzâd, → free; see also → generate.
2) Tâz, present stem of Tâxtan/tâz- "to run, rush upon, assault;" → surge.

racism
  نژادپرستی   
nežâdparasti (#)

Fr.: racisme   

1) A belief or doctrine that inherent differences among the various human races determine cultural or individual achievement, usually involving the idea that one's own race is superior and has the right to rule others.
2) A policy, system of government, etc., based upon or fostering such a doctrine; discrimination (Dictionary.com).

race; → -ism.

rad (rd)
  راد   
râd (#)

Fr.: rad   

A unit of energy absorbed from ionizing radiation, equal to 100 → ergs per gram, or 0.01 → joules per kilogram, of irradiated material. Rad has been replaced by → gray (Gy).

Shortened form roentgen absorbed dose; → roentgen.

radar
  رادار   
râdâr (#)

Fr.: radar   

An emitting/receiving device in which the echo of a pulse of microwave radiation is used to detect and locate distant objects.

From ra(dio) d(etecting) a(nd) r(anging).

radargram
  رادارنگاشت   
râdârnegâšt

Fr.: radargramme   

Graphic display of measurements by a → radar of mineral deposits on a planetary surface.

radar; → chart.

radial
  شعاعی   
šo'â'i (#)

Fr.: radial   

Emanating from a common central point; arranged like the radii of a circle.

From L. radialis, from → radius; → -al.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>