An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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trace
  ۱) مله؛ ۲) ملیدن   
1) malé; 2) malidan

Fr.: 1) trace; 2) suivre la trace   

1a) A surviving mark, sign, or evidence of the former existence, influence, or action of some agent or event; vestige.
1b) A barely discernible indication or evidence of some quantity, quality, characteristic, expression, etc.
1c) An extremely small amount of some chemical component (Dictionary.com).
1d) Math.: → trace of a matrix.
2a) To follow the footprints, track, or traces of.
2b) To follow, make out, or determine the course or line of, especially by going backward from the latest evidence, nearest existence, etc. (Dictionary.com).

M.E. tracen, from M.Fr. tracier, from V.L. *tractiare "delineate, score, trace," from L. tractus "track, course," literally "a drawing out," from p.p. stem of trahere "to pull, draw."

Gilaki mâle "mark, trace, fingerprint; scar," pâ mâle "footprint," gaz mâle "bite mark;" Aftari mâl "trace, mark," pae mâl "footprint," ponjé mâl "mark of hand with fingers;" Tabari mâl "mark, trace," ling mâl "footprint," probably related to mâlidan "to touch, rub; besmear;" Mid.Pers. mâlih- "to be touched;" (Gurâni) mâl, mâlâ- Xunsâri mâl-/mâlâ "to smear, stroke."

trace element
  بن‌پار ِ مله   
bonpâr-e malé

Fr.: élément trace, oligo-élément   

Any → chemical element that is found in extremely small amounts, especially one used by organisms and held essential to maintain proper physical functioning.

trace; → element.

trace of a matrix
  مله‌ی ِ ماتریس   
male-ye mâtris

Fr.: trace de matrice   

Of a → square matrix, the → sum of the entries in the → main diagonal, i.e.: tr(A) = a11 + a22 + ... + ann = Σ aii (i = 1 to n).

trace; → matrix.

tracer
  مله‌گر   
malegar

Fr.: traceur, marqueur   

A → substance, especially a → radioactive isotope, used in experiments so that its movements through a biological, chemical, or physical system can be → monitored in order to study the → system.

trace, → -or.

trachea
  نای   
nây (#)

Fr.: trachée   

The tube in humans and other air-breathing vertebrates extending from the larynx to the bronchi, serving as the principal passage for conveying air to and from the lungs; the windpipe (Dictionary.com).

M.E. trache, from M.L. trachea, from L.L. trachia, from Gk. trakheia, in trakheia arteria "windpipe."

Nây, variants nay, ney, nâl "pipe, tube, reed, cane, windpipe;" Mid.Pers. nây "tube, reed, flute, clarion;" cf. Skt. nada-, nādha-, nala- "a hollow stalk, tube, pipe."

track
  ۱) تر؛ ۲) تر گرفتن   
1) tor; 2) tor gereftan

Fr.: 1) trace, piste, trajet; 2) suivre la trace de   

1a) Evidence, as a mark or a series of marks, that something has passed.
1b) A path made or beaten by or as if by the feet of people or animals; trail (Dictionary.com).
1c) A line of motion, a course followed, such as → Hayashi track. See also: → evolutionary track, → Henyey track, → white dwarf cooling track, → tracking, → tracking accuracy.
2) To follow or pursue the track, traces, or footprints of.

M.E. trak, from M.Fr. trac, from O.Fr. trac "track of horses, trace" (mid-15c.), possibly from a Germanic source (compare M.L.G. treck, Du. trek "drawing, pulling).

Tor, from Lori, Laki, Fini, Bandar-Abâsi tor "track, trace, mark;" maybe ultimately from Proto-Ir. *tar- "to cross over;" cf. Av. tar- "to cross over;" Mid.Pers. (+*ui-) widur-, widôr- "to pass (beyond, over); Pers. gozar; Baluci tar(r)- "to walk;" Yaghnobi tir-, ter- "to go, leave;" → trans-.
Tor gereftan, with gereftan "to take, seize" (Mid.Pers. griftan, Av./O.Pers. grab- "to take, seize," cf. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha "seizing, holding, perceiving," M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab, E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;" PIE base *ghrebh- "to seize").

tracking
  ترگیری   
torgiri

Fr.: poursuite   

The facility that allows a telescope to follow a celestial object during in its westward motion in the sky.

Verbal noun from → track.

tracking accuracy
  رشمندی ِ ترگیری   
rašmandi-ye torgiri

Fr.: précision de poursuite   

The accuracy with which a → telescope tracks a target.

tracking; → accuracy

tradition
  تراداد   
tarâdâd (#)

Fr.: tradition   

An inherited or common body of beliefs or practices belonging to a particular people, family, or institution over a relatively long period. Also their transmission over time.

M.E. tradicion, from  O.Fr. tradicion, from L. traditionem "delivery, surrender, a handing down," from traditus, p.p. of tradere "to deliver, hand over," from → trans- "over" (time) + dare  "to give," → datum.

Tarâdâd, from tarâ- "over time," → trans-, + dâd past stem of dâdan "to give," → datum.

trail
  رد   
radd (#)

Fr.: traînée   

The marks, signs, smells, etc., that are left behind by someone or something and that can often be followed (Webster). → star trail.

M.E. trailen "to draw or drag in the rear," from O.Fr. trailler "to tow," ultimately from L. tragula "dragnet," probably related to trahere "to pull."

Radd, variant of raj, râž, rak, râk, rezg (Lori), radé, râdé "line, rule, row," rasté, râsté "row, a market with regular ranges of shops;" ris, risé "straight," related to râst "right, true; just, upright, straight;" → system.

train
  قطار، ترن   
qatâr (#), teran (#)

Fr.: train   

1) A series or sequence of objects or events.
2) A line of coaches or wagons coupled together and drawn by a railway locomotive.

M.E., from O.Fr. train "tracks, path, trail; act of dragging," from trainer "to pull, drag, draw," from V.L. *traginare, from *tragere "to pull," back-formation from tractus, p.p. of L. trahere "to pull, draw."

Qatâr "a row of camels," loan from Ar.; teran, loan from Fr., as above.

trajectory
  ترایشانه   
tarâyešâné

Fr.: trajectoire   

Physics: The line or curve described by an object moving through space.
Math.: A curve or surface that cuts all of a given family of curves or surfaces at the same angle.

From Mod.L. trajectoria, from feminine of trajectorius "of or pertaining to throwing across," from L. trajectus "thrown over or across," p.p. of trajicere "throw across," from L. → trans- "across" + icere, combining form of jacere "to throw," → eject.

Tarâyešâné, from tarâ- "across," → trans-, + -y- epenthetic + ešân, present stem of ešândan, → eject, + relation suffix .

trans-
  ترا-   
tarâ- (#)

Fr.: trans-   

Prefix meaning "across, beyond, through;" variant tra-; used with both space (point to point, shape to shape) and time (time to time, past to present, present to past) concepts.
See also:
tradition, → transauroral, → transcendental, → transdisciplinary, → transduce, → transfer, → transform, → transient, → transistor, → transit, → transition, → translate, → translucent, → translunar, → transmission, → transmit, → transmutate, → trans-Neptunian, → transonic, → transparent, → transponder, → transport, → transpose, → transversal, → transverse, → transuranium.

From L. trans-, from preposition trans "across, over, beyond," cognate with Pers. tarâ- as below; cf. O.E. þurh, E. through; O.S. thuru; M.Du. dore, Du. door; O.H.G. thuruh, Ger. durch; Goth. þairh "through;" O.Ir. tre, Welsh tra "through;" PIE base *ter- "to cross."

Tarâ-, from Mid.Pers. tar (preposition) "through, across, over, beyond; over time;" tarmenidan "to abuse, despise," tarmenišn "conceited, disdainful;" O.Pers. tara "over, beyond, across;" Av. tarô, tarə "over, across, beyond," from O.Pers./Av. tar- "to cross over," O.Pers. vi-tar- "to go across," Mid.Pers. vitartan "to pass," Mod.Pers. gozar, gozaštan "to pass, cross," Av. tara-δāta- "placed beyond," tarô-yāra- "outlasting the years" (over time), vī-tərəta- "taken away, isolated;" O.Pers. tara-draya- "overseas;" Sogdian tr- "to go;" cf. L. trans-, as above; Skt. tar- "to pass (through), overcome," tárati "crosses, passes," tirás "through, across, beyond." The first element in the Mod.Pers. tarâvoš "exuding, trickling, oozing" is probably this prefix, → permeability. Another case may be tarzafân, tarzabân "interpreter, translator," with zafân, zabân, → language.

trans-Neptunian object (TNO)
  بر‌آخت ِ ترا-نپتونی   
barâxt-e tarâ-Nneptuni

Fr.: objet trans-neptunien   

A member of a class of objects in orbit around the Sun at a larger distance than the distance between Neptune and the Sun. This includes several → dwarf planets, such as → Eris, → Pluto, and many small solar system bodies.

trans-; → Neptune; → object.

transauroral line
  خط ِ ترا-اوشه‌ای   
xatt-e tarâ-uše-yi

Fr.: raie transaurorale   

A forbidden line emitted by interstellar ionized gas by several atomic species (O, O+, O++, N+, S++, etc.) corresponding to the transition from the electronic state 1S to 3P. Examples are the ultraviolet line of the doubly ionized oxygen [O III] at 2321 A and [N II] 3063 A. → auroral line; → forbidden line; → nebular line.

trans-; → auroral line.

transcendental
  ترا-فرازنده   
tarâfarâzandé (#)

Fr.: transcendant   

1) General: Surpassing or superior.
2) Math.: → transcendental function, → transcendental number.

From transcendentalis, from transcendere "to climb over or beyond, surmount," from → trans- "beyond" + scandere "to climb" + -alis, → -al.

Tarâfarâzandé, from tarâ- "beyond, over," → trans-, + farâzandé agent noun of farâzandan "to raise, erect, exalt," from farâz "above, up, upon, on the top, aloft," from Mid.Pers. farâz, farâc "forward, prominent, distinguished;" Av. frānk- (adj.) "turned toward the front," fraca (adv.) "forward, forth," fraš (adv.) "forward, forth; before;" Proto-Iranian *frānk-.

transcendental function
  کریای ِ ترا-فرازنده   
karyâ-ye tarâfarâzandé

Fr.: fonction transcendante   

A function which is not → algebraic. For example y = cosx, y = 10xx.

transcendental; → function.

transcendental logic
  گوییک ِ ترافرازنده   
guyik-e tarâfarâzandé

Fr.: logique transcendantale   

In Kantian epistemology, a pure logic which contains solely the rules of the pure thought of an object, excluding any mode of knowledge with empirical content. Whereas general logic is not concerned with the origin of our cognitions, transcendental logic would contain rules for the use of → a priori cognitions.

transcendental; → logic.

transcendental number
  عدد ِ ترا-فرازنده   
adad-e tarâfarâzandé

Fr.: nombre transcendant   

A → real number that is not a → root of any → algebraic equation with → rational → coefficients. Every transcendental number is → irrational. Examples of transcendental numbers are π = 3.1415926... and e = 2.7182818...

transcendental; → number.

transdisciplinary
  ترا-هاوشانی، ترا-هاوشان‌مندی   
tarâ-hâvešâni, tarâ-hâvešânmand

Fr.: transdisciplinaire   

Of a comprehensive framework that transcends the partial scope of disciplinary worldviews through an overarching synthesis, such as general systems, feminist theory, and sustainability. The term also connotes a new structure of unity informed by the worldview of complexity in science and a new mode of knowledge production that draws on expertise from a wider range of organizations, and collaborations with stakeholders in society. See also → interdisciplinary and → multidisciplinary (Thompson Klein, J. 2010, Creating Interdisciplinary Campus Culture, John Wiley and Sons, Inc.).

trans-; → disciplinary.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>