An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 763
diffuse interstellar medium
  مدیم ِ اندر‌اختری ِ پخشیده   
madim-e andaraxtari-ye paxšidé

Fr.: milieu interstellaire diffus   

The interstellar matter outside condensed molecular clouds. Diffuse interstellar medium consists of a hot intercloud medium, a warm intercloud medium, and a cold neutral medium with hydrogen atom densities nH ~ 0.003, ~ 0.25, and ~ 40 cm-3, and mean gas → kinetic temperatures Tk ~ 5 x 105, ~ 104, and 80 K, respectively.

diffuse; → interstellar; → medium.

diffuse molecular cloud
  ابر ِ مولکولی ِ پخشیده   
abr-e molekuli-ye paxšidé

Fr.: nuage moléculaire diffus   

A type of → molecular cloud in which the → interstellar radiation field is sufficiently attenuated, so that the local fraction of → molecular hydrogen (H2) becomes substantial (> 0.1). However, enough interstellar radiation is still present to → photoionize any atomic carbon, or to → photodissociate → carbon monoxide (CO) such that carbon is predominantly still in the form of C+ (> 0.5). In steady state, diffuse molecular clouds must necessarily be surrounded by diffuse atomic gas, in order to provide the → shielding of radiation. This means that most sightlines that cross a diffuse molecular cloud will also cross → diffuse atomic gas (Snow & McCall, 2006, ARA&A 44, 367).

diffuse; → molecular; → cloud.

diffuse nebula
  میغ ِ پخشیده   
miq-e paxšidé

Fr.: nébuleuse diffuse   

An irregularly shaped and low density interstellar cloud visible in the optical wavelengths.

diffuse; → nebula.

diffuse reflection
  بازتاب ِ پخشیده   
bâztâb-e paxšidé

Fr.: réflexion diffuse   

Reflection of light from a rough or granular surface, which takes place in all directions due to the microscopic irregularities of the interface; opposed to → specular reflection.

diffuse; → reflection.

diffuse transmission
  تراگسیل ِ پخشیده   
tarâgosil-e paxšidé

Fr.: transmission diffuse   

Transmission accompanied by diffusion or scatter to the extent that there is no regular or direct transmission.

diffuse; → transmission.

diffuser
  پخشنده، پخشگر   
paxšandé, paxšgar

Fr.: diffuseur   

A device used to scatter or disperse light emitted from a source.

From → diffuse + -er.

From paxš, present stem of paxšidan, → diffuse, + -andé or -gar (→ detector).

diffusion
  پخش   
paxš (#)

Fr.: diffusion   

1) Movement of a gas or liquid as a result of the random thermal motion of its atoms or molecules.
2) The random spreading out of a beam of radiation on reflection (→ diffuse reflection) or transmission through a translucent medium (such as amber, milk, or frosted glass).
3) In chemical thermodynamics, the process of attaining an equilibrium distribution of the → concentration within the phases. A result of diffusion at constant equilibrium is the equalization of the → chemical potentials.
Related terms: → diffraction; → dispersion; → distribution; → scatter; → scattering.

L. diffusionem, from stem of diffundere "scatter, pour out," from dif- "apart, in every direction," → dis-, + fundere "to melt, cast, pour out," from PIE *gheud-, from root *gheu- "to pour."

Paxš, verbal noun and stem of paxšidandiffuse.

diffusion coefficient
  همگر ِ پخش   
hamgar-e paxš

Fr.: coefficient de diffusion   

A factor of proportionality involved in the → diffusion equation. It may be defined as the amount of the quantity diffusing across a unit area through a unit concentration gradient in unit time. → magnetic diffusivity.

diffusion; → coefficient.

diffusion equation
  هموگش ِ پخش   
hamugeš-e paxš

Fr.: équation de diffusion   

An equation that expresses the time rate of change of a quantity in terms of the product of the diffusion coefficient and the → Laplacian operating on the quantity. For example the diffusion equation for temperature is: ∂T/∂t = D2T.

diffusion; → equation.

diffusion region
  ناحیه‌ی ِ پخش   
nâhiye-ye paxš

Fr.: région de diffusion   

A narrow boundary layer above the solar → photosphere, between two magnetic field lines, where the plasma becomes demagnetized or unfrozen. The presence of a localized magnetic region is necessary for → magnetic reconnection.

local; → -ize; → diffusion; → region.

diffusive
  پخشنده، پخشی   
paxšandé, paxši

Fr.: diffusif, de diffusion   

Tending to diffuse; characterized by → diffusion.

diffuse + → -ive.

diffusivity
  پخشندگی، همگر ِ پخش   
paxšandegi, hamgar-e paxš

Fr.: coefficient de diffusion   

1) The ability to permit or undergo diffusion.
2) → magnetic diffusivity.

diffusive; → -ity.

digit
  رقم   
raqam (#)

Fr.: chiffre   

A symbol, numeral, or graphic character that represents an integer.

From L. digitus "finger, toe."

Raqam, from Ar.

digital
  رقمی   
raqami (#)

Fr.: numérique   

1) Of or pertaining to a digit.
2) Representing data as a series of numerical values. Often opposed to → analogue.

digit + → -al.

digital computer
  رایانگر ِ رقمی   
râyângar-e raqami (#)

Fr.: ordinateur numérique   

A computer that accepts and operates with → discrete data in the form of combinations of digits, letters, or other characters. In modern terminology, generally called computer.

digital + → computer.

digitize
  رقمیدن   
raqamidan (#)

Fr.: numériser   

To convert an → analogue signal to a → digital signal that represents the same information as the analogue signal.

digit + → -ize.

dihedral
  دودیمه‌ای   
dodime-yi

Fr.: dihédral   

1) Having formed by two half-planes which intersect.
2) Of or relating to a → dihedron.

dihedron; → -al.

dihedral angle
  زاویه‌ی ِ دودیمی   
zâviye-ye dodimi

Fr.: angle dièdre   

An angle formed by two planes meeting along a common line. Compare with → face angle.

angle; → dihedral.

dihedron
  دودیمه   
dodimé

Fr.: dièdre   

A figure formed by two intersecting planes.

di-; → -hedron.

dilate
  ۱) فراخاندن؛ ۲) فراخیدن   
1) farâxândan; 2) farâxidan (#)

Fr.: 1) dilater; 2) se dilater   

1) (v.tr.) To make wider or larger; cause to expand.
2) (v.intr.) To spread out; expand.

M.E. dilaten, from O.Fr. dilater, from L. dilatare "make wider, enlarge," from → dis- "apart" + latus "wide," → latitude.

Farâxândan, farâxidan, infinitive from farâx "broad, wide, spacious;" Mid.Pers. frâxv, fraxv "broad, wide," frâxvitan, frâxvênitan "to spread."


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