An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1076
patch
  پچ   
pac (#)

Fr.: pièce   

1) A small piece of material used to mend a tear or break, to cover a hole, or to strengthen a weak place.
2) A piece of material used to cover or protect a wound, an injured part, etc.
3) A small piece, scrap, or area of anything (Dictionary.com). → bald patch; → patchy turbulence.

M.E. pacche; of uncertain origin.

Pac, from Bašgaridi (Giroft) pac "patch; fragment," probably from *parka-, from *par- "piece" + diminutive/relation suffix -ka; cf. pâré "piece, part, portion;" parré "portion, segment (of an orange);" pargâlé "piece, portion; patch;" Kermâni pariké "portion, half;" Tabari perik "minute quantity, particle;" Lârestâni pakva "patch;" Borujerdi parru "patch;" (Fin Bandar Abbâs) park "patch;" (Tâti) pajina "patch, darn;" → part.

patchy turbulence
  آشوبناکی ِ پچی، ~ تکه‌تکه   
âšubnâki-te paci, ~ tekke-tekké

Fr.: turbulence parcellaire   

A → turbulence that is not continuous in space, but is separated by regions of stability and → laminar flow.

Patchy adj. of → patch; → turbulence.

patera
  پترا   
paterâ

Fr.: patera   

A shallow dish-like crater with irregular, sometimes scalloped rims, on the surface of a planet.

From L. patera "abroad, shallow dish" (used for drinking, primarily in a ritual context).

path
  په، راه   
pah, râh

Fr.: chemin, trajectoire; bande   

1) A route, course, or track along which something moves.
2) A course of action, conduct, or procedure.
3) Math.: A continuous curve that connects two or more points.
4) In → graph theory, a → graph whose → vertices can be arranged in a sequence.

O.E. paþ, pæþ; cf. O.Fris. path; M.Du. pat; Du. pad; O.H.G. pfad; Ger. Pfad "path."

Pah "path, way," from O.Pers. paθi- "path, way;" Av. paθ-, variants paθi-, paθā-, pantay- (with conversion of -θ- to -h-, as in ciθra-/cehr, xšaθra-/šahr/šâh, vərəθraγna-/bahrâm, → Mars); Mid/Mod.Pers. pand "path, advice, counsel;" Khotanese pande "road, path;" Ossetic fœndœg "path, road;" cf. Skt. pánthā- "road, path, course;" Gk. patos "path, way," pontos "sea;" L. pons "bridge, path;" P.Gmc. *finthanan "to find;" E. find; PIE base *pent- "to go, to tread."
Râh, → way.

path line
  خط ِ په   
xatt-e pah

Fr.: trajectoire particulaire   

The path followed by an individual particle of fluid over an interval of time. It contrasts with the → streamline that represents an instantaneous picture of the motion of particles.

path; → line.

path of totality
  په ِ هماکی   
pah-e hamâki

Fr.: bande de totalité   

The path (up to 320 km wide) that the Moon's shadow traces on the Earth during a total solar eclipse.

path; → totality.

pathfinder
  رهیاب   
rahyâb (#)

Fr.: éclaireur   

1) A person who makes or finds a way, especially through unexplored areas or fields of knowledge.
2) An airplane, or a person dropped from a plane, sent into a target area to illuminate the area for succeeding aircraft (Dictionary.com).
3) → LISA pathfinder.

path; → finder.

pattern
  الگو   
olgu (#)

Fr.: figure   

1) A regular or repetitive form, order, or arrangement; a distinctive form. → diffraction pattern; → interference pattern.
2) In the → density wave model, a region of enhanced stellar density (arm or bar) in the → Galactic disk. → pattern speed.

M.E. patron, from O.Fr. patron, from M.L. patronus "patron saint, lord, master, model, pattern," from pater "father."

Olgu "pattern," from Turkish ülgü "form, mold, model."

pattern speed
  تندی ِ الگو   
tondi-ye olgu

Fr.: vitesse de rotation de l'onde spirale ou barrée   

In models of → galactic structure, the → angular velocity of a → spiral arm or a → bar, assumed to be a pattern rotating as a solid body in the galaxy. Pattern speed, ΩP , is one of the most important parameters of the → density wave theory responsible for the spiral arms. Pattern speed determines the location of the → corotation resonance.

pattern; → speed.

Pauli exclusion principle
  پروز ِ سکلان ِ پاؤلی   
parvaz-e sokolân-e Pauli

Fr.: principe d'exclusion de Pauli   

A quantum mechanical principle according to which no two identical → fermions can share the same → quantum state. Also known as → exclusion principle.

In honor of Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958), Austrian theoretical physicist, who formulated the principle in 1925; → exclusion; → principle.

Pavo
  تاووس، طاووس   
Tâvus (#)

Fr.: Paon   

The Peacock. A → constellation in the → southern hemisphere, at about 19h 30m → right ascension, 65° south → declination. Abbreviation: Pav; genitive: Pavonis.

From L. pavo "peacock;" paupulo "peacock's sound;" Gk. taos "peacock;"

Tâvus, from Ar., ultimately from Gk. taos "peacock."

pea
  نخود   
noxod (#)

Fr.: pois   

The round edible seed of a widely cultivated plant, Pisum sativum, of the legume family.

False singular from M.E. pease (plural pesen), from O.E. pise (West Saxon), piose (Mercian) "pea," from L.L. pisa, variant of L. pisum "pea," from Gk. pison "the pea."

Noxod "pea," from Mid.Pers. naxôd, naxvat "pea."

peace
  رامن   
râman

Fr.: paix   

1) The normal, non warring condition of a nation, group of nations, or the world.
2) (often initial capital letter) An agreement or treaty between warring or antagonistic nations, groups, etc., to end hostilities and abstain from further fighting or antagonism.
3) A state of mutual harmony between people or groups, especially in personal relations.

From M.E. pes, pais, pees, from Anglo-Norman peis, pes, from O.Fr. pais "peace, reconciliation, silence," from L. pacem (nominative pax) "compact, agreement, treaty of peace, tranquility," ultimately from PIE root *pag- "to fasten."

Râman, related to râmeš "tranquility, rest," ârâm "quiet, peaceful," ârâmidan "to become calm, calmed, rest," Mid.Pers. râm "peace," râmenidan "to give peace, pleasure," râmišn "peace, pleasure;" Av. ram- "to stay, rest;" cf. Skt. ram- "to stop, stand still, rest, become appeased;" Gk. erema "quietly, gently;" Goth. rimis "rest;" Lith. rāmas "rest." + suufix -an.

peak
  ستیغ   
setiq (#)

Fr.: pic   

The pointed top of a mountain or ridge. The pointed top of anything. → Gamow peak; → peak wavelength.

Perhaps from M.L.G. pék "pick, pike."

Setiq "summit, top," from *us-tig, from us-, → ex-, + tig "pointed," related to tiq "blade," tiz "sharp," tež, tej, tij; Mid.Pers. tigr, têz, têž "sharp," O.Pers. tigra- "pointed," tigra.xauda- "pointed helmet (epithet of Scythians)," Av. tiγra- "pointed," tiγray- "arrow," tiži.arštay- "with the pointed spear," cf. Skt. tikta- "sharp, pungent, bitter," tejas- "sharpness, edge, point or top of a flame;" PIE base *st(e)ig- "to stick; pointed." Cognates in other IE languages: Gk. stizein "to prick, puncture," stigma "mark made by a pointed instrument," L. in-stigare "to goad," O.H.G. stehhan, Ger. stechen "to stab, prick," Du. stecken, O.E. sticca "rod, twig, spoon," E. stick.

peak luminosity
  تابندگی ِ ستیغ   
tâbandegi-ye setiq

Fr.: luminosité du pic   

The → bolometric luminosity of a → supernova corresponding to the highest brightness in its → light curve. The peak luminosity occurs after the → supernova explosion; it is directly linked to the amount of radioactive 56Ni produced in the explosion and can be used to test various explosion models. Following → Arnett's rule, one can derive the 56Ni mass from the peak luminosity of a → Type Ia supernova.

peak; → luminosity.

peak wavelength
  موج-طول ِ ستیغ   
mowj-tul-e setiq

Fr.: longueur d'onde pic   

The wavelength at which the radiant intensity of a source is maximum.

peak; → wavelength.

peanut
  بادام‌زمینی   
bâdâm-zamini (#)

Fr.: cacahuète, arachide   

The pod or the enclosed edible seed of the plant, Arachis hypogaea, of the legume family: the pod is forced underground in growing, where it ripens (Dictionary.com). → box-peanut bulge.

From pea, → green pea galaxy + nut O.E. hnutu, akin to L. nux, → nucleus.

pearl
  مروارید   
morvârid (#)

Fr.: perle   

A secretion consisting mainly of calcium carbonate, CaCO3, produced by various mollusks.

M.E. perle, from O.Fr. perle, M.L. perla of unknown origin.

Morvârid "pearl;" Mid.Pers. murwârid, murgârid; cf. Sogd. marγārit, marrγārt; Khotanese mrāhe. Gk. margarites "pearl" may be a loanword from Iranian.

peat
  تورب   
turb (#)

Fr.: tourbe   

A partially carbonized vegetable matter, usually mosses, found in bogs and used as fertilizer and fuel.

M.E. pete, of unknown origin.

Turb, from Fr. tourbe, from Germanic turba; cf. O.Fris. turf, O.H.G. zurba, Ger. Torf, O.E. turf, tyrf "slab of soil and grass," E. turf.

pebble
  ریگ   
rig (#)

Fr.: galet   

Geology: A → sedimentary particle that is between 4 and 64 mm in size. Pebbles are larger than → granules but smaller than → cobbles. Pebbles have typically been rounded by → abrasion during sedimentary transport (geology.com/dictionary).

From M.E. pibel, from O.E. *papol, *pyppel, *pæbbel, of unknown origin.

Rig, from Mid.Pers. rik "pebble, sand."

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