An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1076
propellant
  پیشرانه   
pišrâné (#)

Fr.: propulseur   

A propelling agent. A substance, usually a mixture of fuel and oxidizer, for propelling a rocket.

From → propel + suffix -ant.

Pišrâné, from pišrândan, → propel.

proper
  سره   
saré (#)

Fr.: propre   

Belonging or pertaining exclusively or distinctly to a person, thing, or group. → proper mass; → proper motion; → proper time.

M.E., from O.Fr. propre, from L. proprius "one's own."

Saré "pure; principal."

proper distance
  اپست ِ سره   
apest-e saré

Fr.: distance propre   

A distance between two nearby events in the frame in which they occur at the same time. It is the distance measured by a ruler at the time of observation. Hence, for a cosmological time t, Dproper = DC . a(t), where DC is the → comoving distance, and a(t) is the → scale factor. In the present epoch a = a(tobs) = 1, and Dproper = DC.

proper; → distance.

proper mass
  جرم ِ سره   
jerm-e saré

Fr.: masse propre   

Same as → rest mass.

proper; → mass.

proper motion
  جنبش ِ سره   
jonbeš-e saré

Fr.: mouvement propre   

The apparent motion of a star across the sky (not including a star's parallax), arising from the star's velocity through space with respect to the Sun. Proper motion is usually tabulated in star catalogs as changes in right ascension and declination per year or century. See also: → proper motion distance.

proper; → motion.

proper motion distance
  دورای ِ جنبش ِ سره   
durâ-ye jonbeš-e saré

Fr.: distance mouvement propre   

The distance derived from the → proper motion of an object. If an object has a known → transverse velocity  u, and has an observed angular motion of dθ/dt, then the proper motion distance is defined as: d = u/(dθ/dt).

proper; → motion; → distance

proper subset
  زیرهنگرد ِ سره   
zirhangard-e saré

Fr.: sous-ensemble propre   

Of two sets A and B, the set A if it is contained in B (A ⊂ B) but is not equal to B (A ≠ B).

proper; → subset.

proper time
  زمان ِ سره   
zamân-e saré (#)

Fr.: temps propre   

In general relativity, the time as measured on a clock that travels with the observer in the same system. An accelerated clock will measure shorter time intervals between events than a non-accelerated clock between the same events. → twin paradox.

proper; → time.

property
  داراک   
dârâk

Fr.: propriété   

1) General: An essential or distinctive attribute or quality of a thing.
2) Physics: A quantity, such as length, mass, pressure, temperature, or volume, that relates to the state of a system and can be expressed in numbers obtained from well-defined measurement operations.

From M.E. propriete "ownership, something owned, one's own nature," from M.Fr. propriété, from L. proprietas "ownership, property, propriety," literally "special character," noun of quality from proprius "one's own, special."

Dârâk "thing owned," from dâr present stem of dâštan "to have, to possess" + -âk (on the model of xorâk, pušâk, kâvâk). The first element dâštan, from Mid.Pers. dâštan, O.Pers./Av. root dar- "to hold, keep back, maintain, keep in mind;" Skt. dhr- "to to hold, keep, preserve," dharma- "law;" Gk. thronos "elevated seat, throne;" L. firmus "firm, stable;" Lith. daryti "to make;" PIE *dher- "to hold, support."

proplyd
  پروپلید   
proplid

Fr.: proplyde   

A circumstellar disk of dense gas and dust surrounding a young newly formed star, a T Tauri star or Herbig star. In particular, an externally ionized protoplanetary disk seen in emission in the Orion Nebula. → silhouette disk.

Contraction of protoplanetarydisk.

proportion
  برپارش   
barpâreš (#)

Fr.: proportion   

Comparative relation between things, sizes, quantities, numbers, parts, etc.
Math.: A statement of the equality of two ratios.

M.E. proporcio(u)n, from O.Fr. proportion, from L. proportio "comparative relation, analogy," from the phrase pro portione "according to the relation" (of parts to each other), from pro "for" + portio "part, shar."

Barpâreš, from bar- "on; up; upon; in; into; at; forth; with; near; before; according to" (Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over") + pâr "part, portion, piece" (variants pâréparré "portion, segment (of an orange)," pargâlé, "piece, portion; patch;" (dialects Kermâni pariké "portion, half;" Tabari perik "minute quantity, particle;" Lârestâni pakva "patch;" Borujerdi parru "patch"); Mid.Pers. pârag "piece, part, portion; gift, offering, bribe;" Av. pāra- "debt," from par- "to remunerate, equalize; to condemn;" PIE *per- "to sell, hand over, distribute; to assigne;" Gk. peprotai "it has been granted;" L. pars, as above; Skt. purti- "reward;" Hitt. pars-, parsiya- "to break, crumble") + -eš suffix.

proportional
  برپارشی   
barpâreši

Fr.: proportionnel   

Being in or characterized by proportion.
Math.: Of two quantities, having the same or a constant ratio or relation.

proportion + → -al.

proportional counter
  شمارگر ِ برپارشی   
šomârgar-e barpâreši

Fr.: compteur proportionnel   

A device in which an electronic detection system receives pulses that are proportional to the number of ions formed in a gas-filled tube by ionizing radiation.

proportional; → counter.

proportionality
  برپارشیگی   
barpârešigi

Fr.: proportionalité   

Math.: A relationship bewteen two quantities such that if one quantity changes the other changes in the same proportion; denoted as y ∝ x.

proportional + → -ity.

proportionality constant
  پایای ِ برپارشیگی   
pâyâ-ye barpârešigi

Fr.: constante de proportionalité   

Math.: A → constant that converts a proportionality into an → equation. Thus the proportionality constant k converts the proportionality y ∝ x into the equation y = kx.

proportionality + → constant.

propose
  فراهلیدن   
farâhelidan

Fr.: proposer   

To offer or suggest (a matter, subject, case, etc.) for consideration, acceptance, or action (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from M.Fr. poposer, from → pro- "forth," + poser "put, place," → position.

Farâhelidan, from farâ-, → pro-, + helidan, heštan "to place, put" from Mid.Pers. hištan, hilidan "to let, set, leave, abandon," Parthian Mid.Pers. hyrz; O.Pers. hard- "to send forth," ava.hard- "to abandon;" Av. harəz- "to discharge, send out; to filter;" hərəzaiti "releases, shoots;" cf. Skt. srj- "to let go or fly, throw, cast, emit, put forth;" Pali sajati "to let loose, send forth."

proposition
  فراهل، گزاره   
farâhel, gozâré (#)

Fr.: proposition   

1) The act of offering or suggesting something to be considered, accepted, adopted, or done.
2) A plan or scheme proposed.
3) Logic: A statement in which something is affirmed or denied, so that it can therefore be significantly characterized as either true or false.
4) Math.: A formal statement of either a truth to be demonstrated or an operation to be performed; a theorem or a problem (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → propose.

propositional
  گزاره‌ای   
gozaare#ay (#)

Fr.: propositionnel   

Logic: Of, relating to, or in the form of a → proposition.

proposition; → -al.

propositional constant
  پایای ِ گزاره‌ای   
pâyâ-ye gozaare#ay

Fr.: constante propositionnelle   

Logic: A → propositional symbol that represents a → specific → proposition.

propositional; → constant.

propositional logic
  گوییک ِ گزاره‌ای، ~ گزاره‌ها   
guyik-e gozâre-yi, ~ gozaarehâ

Fr.: logique propositionnelle   

A branch of logic that deals with the → truth values of logical statements (→ sentences, → propositions) and uses → logical connectives to build more complex → expressions. The distinctive feature of propositional logic is that it does not deal with logical relationships and properties that involve the parts of a statement smaller than the simple statements making it up. The propositions are evaluated as → true or → false. A more expressive system is provided by the → first-order logic.

proposition; → -al; → logic.


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