An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1076
Phoenix
  ققنوس   
Qoqnos (#)

Fr.: Phénix   

A constellation in the southern hemisphere, at 0h 30m → right ascension, 50° south → declination. Its brightest star Alpha Phoenicis is of magnitude 2.4. Abbreviation: Phe; genitive: Phoenicis.

L. Phoenix, also phenix, from Gk. phoinix a mythical bird of great beauty which according to one account lived 500 years, burned itself to ashes on a pyre, and rose alive from the ashes to live another period.

Qoqnos, from Ar., from Gk., as above, or, for some reasons (mistake?), from Gk. kuknos, → Cygnus.

phone
  آوا   
âvâ (#)

Fr.: son   

A speech sound considered as a physical event without regard to its place in the sound system of a language.

From Gk. phone "voice, sound," phonein "to speak;" cf. L. fama "talk, reputation, fame."

Âva "voice, sound," related to âvâz "voice, sound, song" (both prefixed forms), bâng "voice, sound, clamour" (Mid.Pers. vâng), vâžé "word," variants vâj-, vâk-, vâ-, vâz-, vât-; Av. vacah- "word," vaocanghê "to decalre" (by means of speech), from vac- "to speak, say;" cf. Skt. vakti "speaks, says," vacas- "word;" Gk. epos "word;" L. vox "voice;" PIE base *wek- "to speak."

phoneme
  واج   
vâj (#)

Fr.: phonème   

The smallest phonetic unit in a language that can distinguish one word from another.

From Fr. phonème, from Gk. phonema "speech sound, utterance," from phonein "to sound," → phone.

Vâj "voice," variant of vâž, vâz-, âvâz etc., → phone.

phonetics
  آواییک   
âvâyik (#)

Fr.: phonétique   

A branch of linguistics dealing with the analysis, description, and classification of speech sounds. More specifically, phonetics deals with the physical production of → phonemes regardless of language, while → phonology studies how those sounds are put together to create meaningful words in a particular language.

From phonetic, from N.L. phoneticus, from Gk. phonetikos "vocal," from phonet(os) "utterable," verbal adj. of phonein "to speak clearly, utter," from → phone + -ikos, → -ics.

&ACIRC;vâyik, from âvâ, → phone, + -ik, → -ics.

phoniatrics
  آواپزشکی، آوادرمانی   
âvâdpezeški, âvâdarmâni

Fr.: phoniatrie   

The branch of medical science dealing with the study and treatment of voice disorders.

From Gk. phon-, → phone; → -iatrics.

phono-
  آوا-   
âvâ- (#)

Fr.: phono-   

A combining form meaning "sound, voice," used in the formation of compound words. Also phon-, especially before a vowel.

From Gk. phon-, phono-, form → phone "voice, sound, speech"

phonology
  آواشناسی   
âvâšnâsi (#)

Fr.: phonologie   

A branch of linguistics that studies the rules in any given language that govern how → phonemes are combined to create meaningful words. Phonology and → phonetics study two different aspects of sound, but the concepts are dependent on each other in the creation of language.

phono-; → -logy.

phonon
  فونون   
fonon (#)

Fr.: phonon   

A quantum of vibrational or acoustic energy in a crystal lattice, being the analog of a photon of electromagnetic energy.

phono- + → -on.

phosphine
  فوسفین   
fosfin

Fr.: phosphine   

A colorless, flammable, and explosive gas at ambient temperature with unpleasant smell of rotten fish or garlic. Named also hydride of phosphorus (PH3), it is highly poisonous in nature. On cooling to 185.5 K, phosphine condenses to a liquid and on cooling to 139.5 K, it solidifies. By heating in the absence of air at 713 K or by passing an electric spark through it, phosphine breaks into its elements. Small amounts occur naturally from the break down of organic matter. It is heavier than air and slightly soluble in water. Phosphine is used in semiconductor and plastics industries, in the production of a flame retardant, and as a pesticide in stored grain. Phosphine has two strong absorption bands in → infrared at 10 and 9 μm.

From phosph-, variant of phospho-, denoting → phosphorus, used before a vowel + suffix -ine, ultimately from L. -inus, used to form names of chemical substances, especially basic (alkaline) substances, alkaloidal substances, or halogen elements.

phosphorescence
  فسفرستی   
fosforesti

Fr.: phosphorescence   

A specific type of → photoluminescence that continues for an appreciable time after the stimulating process has ceased. Phosphorescence is due to the existence of metastable → excited states of the atoms and molecules from which a change to the normal state is hindered for some reason or other. The change from the → metastable metastable state to the normal one becomes possible only as a result of some additional excitation, for example the application of heat.

phosphorus; → -escence.

phosphorus
  ۱) فسفر؛ ۲) روجا، ستاره‌ی ِ بامدادی   
1) fosfor (#); 2) rujâ, setâre-ye bâmdâdi (#)

Fr.: phosphore   

1) Nonmetallic chemical element; symbol P. → Atomic number 15; → atomic weight 30.97376; → melting point 44.1°C; → boiling point about 280°C. It was discovered by the German merchant Hennig Brand in 1669.
2) Greek name for the planet → Venus when it appears as a → morning star.

L. Phosphorus "morning star," from Gk. Phosphoros "morning star," literally "light bearing," from phos "light" + phoros "bearer," from pherein "to carry," cognate with Pers. bordan "to carry, lead" (→ periphery). The chemical element is such called because of its white color.

1) Fosfor, loan from Fr.
2) → morning star.

photino
  فوتینو   
fotino (#)

Fr.: photino   

The supersymmetric partner of the → photon.

From phot, from → photon + -ino supersymmetric particle suffix.

photo-
     
šid- (#), nur- (#)

Fr.: photo-   

From Gk. combining form of phos (genitive photos).

Šid- "light, sunlight," from Mid.Pers. šÃªt "shining, radiant, bright;" Av. xšaēta- "shining, brilliant, splendid, excellent."
Nur-, → light.

photoabsorption
  شید-درشم   
šid-daršam

Fr.: photoabsorption   

A situation in which all of the energy of a photon is transferred to an atom, molecule, or nucleus.

photo- + → absorption.

photocathode
  شید-کاتود، نور-کاتود   
šid-kâtod, nur-kâtod

Fr.: photocathode   

Electrode capable of releasing electrons when illuminated.

photo- + → cathode.

photochemistry
  شید-شیمی، نور-شیمی   
šid-šimi, nur-šimi

Fr.: photochimie   

The study of the chemical and physical changes occurring when a molecule or atom absorbs photons of light.

photo- + → chemistry.

photodesorption
  شید-واشم   
šid-vâšam

Fr.: photodésorption   

Th desorption of surface substances by ultraviolet radiation.

photo-; → desorption.

photodisintegration
  شید-واپاشی، نور-واپاشی   
šidvâpâši, nurvâpâši

Fr.: photodésintégration   

The process by which atomic nuclei are broken apart into their constituent protons and neutrons by the impact of high energy gamma photons. Photodisintegration takes place during the core collapse phase of a → Type II supernova explosion.

photo- + → disintegration.

photodissociate
  شید-واهزیدن   
šid-vâhazidan

Fr.: photodissocier   

To dissociate a → molecule by → radiation. See also → photodissociation.

photo-; → dissociate.

photodissociation
  شید-واهزش، نور-واهزش   
šid-vâhazeš, nur-vâhazeš

Fr.: photodissociation   

The → dissociation of a → chemical compound by → radiation  → energy.

Verbal noun of → photodissociate; → -tion.


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