An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 1076
permit
  پرزامیدن   
parzâmidan

Fr.: permettre   

To allow to be done or occur.

From M.Fr. permetre, from L. permittere "give up, allow, allow to pass through," from per- "through;" (from PIE base *per- "through, across, beyond;" cf. Gk. peri "around, about, beyond;" O.Pers. pariy "around, about," Av. pairi "around, over;" Skt. pari; Indo-Iranian *pari- "around;" Mod.Pers. par-, pirâ- "around, about") + mittere "let go, send."

Parzâmidan, literally "to allow to go through," infinitive of parzâm, from par- "through," from O.Pers. pariy "around, about," Av. pairi "around, over," cognet with L. per-, as above + zâm stem of Mid.Pers. zâmenidan "to let go, lead, send," Mod.Pers. gâm "step, pace," âmadan "to come;" O.Pers./Av. gam- "to come; to go," Av. jamaiti "goes;" cf. Skt. gamati "goes;" Gk. bainein "to go, walk, step," L. venire "to come;" Tocharian A käm- "to come;" O.H.G. queman "to come," E. come; PIE base *gwem- "to go, come."

permitted
  پرزامیده   
parzâmidé

Fr.: permis   

Allowed. → permitted line; → permitted transition.

Past participle of → permit.

permitted line
  خط ِ پرزامیده   
xatt-e parzâmidé

Fr.: raie permise   

An ordinary spectral line emitted by atoms undergoing energy transitions that are allowed by the selection rules of quantum mechanics. → forbidden lines.

permitted; → line.

permitted transition
  گذرش ِ پرزامیده   
gozareš-e parzâmidé

Fr.: transition permise   

A transition between two quantum mechanical states that does not violate the quantum mechanical selection rules.

permitted; → transition.

permittivity
  پرزامندگی   
parzâmandegi

Fr.: permittivité   

A measure of the ability of a material to transmit (or "permit") an electric field. Permittivity is defined as the ratio of the flux density produced by an electric field in a given dielectric to the flux density produced by that field in a vacuum. In → SI units, permittivity is measured in → farads per meter. The constant ε0 is known as the permittivity of free space; its value is about 8.854 x 10-12 F/m.

State or quality noun from → permit.

permutation
  پرموتش، جایگشت   
permuteš, jâygašt

Fr.: permutation   

Math.: A rearrangement of the elements of a set in a particular order. The number of permutations of n objects is equal to n! (→ factorial n). For example, there are 24 permutations of letters A, B, C, and D (4! = 1 × 2 × 3 × 4). The number of permutations of n objects taken r at a time is denoted by nPr and equals n! / (n - r)!. For example, the number of permutation of A, B, C, and D taken two at a time is 12. If n objects are of k different kinds, with r1 alike of one kind, permutations of n objects equals n! / r1! r2! ... rk!, where r1 + r2 + ... rk = n.

Verbal noun of → permute.

Permuteš, verbal noun of → permute.
Jâygašt , from "place" (from Mid.Pers. giyag "place;" O.Pers. ā-vahana- "place, village;" Av. vah- "to dwell, stay," vanhaiti "he dwells, stays;" Skt. vásati "he dwells;" Gk. aesa (nukta) "to pass (the night);" Ossetic wat "room; bed; place;" Tokharian B wäs- "to stay, wait;" PIE base ues- "to stay, live, spend the night") + gašt past tense of gaštan, gardidan "to turn, to change" (Mid.Pers. vartitan; Av. varət- "to turn, revolve;" Skt. vrt- "to turn, roll," vartate "it turns round, rolls;" L. vertere "to turn;" O.H.G. werden "to become;" PIE base *wer- "to turn, bend").

permute
  پرموتیدن   
permutidan

Fr.: permuter   

M.E., from L. permutare "to change throughout," from per- "through" + mutare "to change," from PIE base *mei- "to change, go, move;" cf. Av. miθô "inverted, false," miθaoxta- "wrong spoken;" Skt. methati "changes, alternates, joins, meets," mith- "to alternate, meet," mithás "opposite, in opposition;" L. meare "to go, pass," mutuus "done in exchange;" Goth. maidjan "to change;" E. prefix mis- (in mistake).

Permutidan, from permute, as above.

perpendicular
  پالار   
pâlâr

Fr.: perpendiculaire   

A line or plane at right angles to another line or plane. Two curves are said to be perpendicular if their tangent lines are mutually perpendicular. → normal; → vertical

From M.E. perpendiculer(e), from O.Fr. perpendiculiere, from L. perpendicularis "vertical, as a plumb line," from perpendiculum "plumb line," from perpendere "balance carefully," from per- "thoroughly" + pendere "to weigh, to hang."

Pâlâr "pillar, column, main beam."

perpendicular axis theorem
  فربین ِ آسه‌ها‌ی ِ پالار   
farbin-e âsehâ-ye pâlâr

Fr.: théorème des axes perpendiculaires   

The → moment of inertia of a plane object (→ lamina) about an axis perpendicular to the plane is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia about any two perpendicular axes in the plane. Thus if x and y axes are in the plane, Iz = Ix + Iy.

perpendicular; → axis; → theorem.

perpetual
  همیشگی   
hamišegi (#)

Fr.: perpétuel   

Lasting an indefinitely long time; eternal; permanent. → perpetual motion; → perpetual calendar.

M.E. perpetuall, from O.Fr. perpetuel, from L. perpetualis "permanent," from perpetuus "continuous, universal," from perpetis, genitive of Old L. perpes "lasting;"

Hamišegi from hamišé "always;" Mid.Pers. hamišag, from anôšag "immortal," from Av. an-aoša-, from negation prefix → an- + aošah- "death; ruin; corruption" (Mid.Pers. hôš "death;" Mod.Pers. hôš, huš "death; mind; intellect"); cf. derivatives Sogd. nôšé "immortal," nôšak "always;" Mod.Pers. nôš, nuš "the water of immortality; sweet; honey."

perpetual calendar
  گاهشمار ِ همیشگی   
gâhšomâr-e hamišegi

Fr.: calendrier perpétuel   

A chart or mechanical device that indicates the day of the week for any given date over a period of many years.

perpetual; → calendar.

perpetual motion
  جنبش ِ همیشگی   
jonbeš-e hamišegi

Fr.: mouvement perpétuel   

The motion of a hypothetical machine which, once set in motion, will go on for ever without any losses due to → friction or other forms of → dissipation of energy and without receiving any external energy.

perpetual; → motion.

Perseids
  پرسءوسیان   
Perseusiyân

Fr.: Perséides   

A → meteor shower, one of the three most active of the year, which occurs between July 25 and August 20 with the greatest activity between August 8 and 14, peaking about August 12. The Perseids appear as the Earth's orbit around the → Sun crosses the dusty tail of the comet → Swift-Tuttle, as first explained by Giovanni Schiaparelli (1835-1910), an Italian astronomer. Usually about 50 meteors can be seen per hour, but in outburst years (such as in 2016) the rate can be between 150-200 meteors an hour.

Perseus + -ids.

Perseus
  پرسءوس   
Perseus (#)

Fr.: Persée   

The Hero. A rich constellation in the northern hemisphere between → Auriga and → Cassiopeia, at 3h 20m right ascension, 45° north declination. Beta (β) Persei, or → Algol, is a famous → eclipsing binary star. Abbreviation: Per; genitive: Persei.

The most celebrated of the Greek heroes, the son of Zeus and Danae, who slew the Gorgon Medusa, and afterward saved Andromeda from a sea monster.

Perseus, from Gk., as above, instead of the Arabicized form Barsâvuš (برساووش).

Perseus A
  پرسءوس A   
Persus A

Fr.: Perseus A   

A → radio source in the constellation → Perseus, identified with the supergiant elliptical galaxy → NGC 1275.

Persus.

Perseus Arm
  بازوی ِ پرسءوس   
bâzu-ye Perseus

Fr.: Bras de Persée   

One of the spiral arms of the Galaxy. It is about 5000 light-years farther from the center than the local Orion Arm, in which the Sun lies.

Persus; → arm.

Perseus Cluster
  خوشه‌ی ِ پرسءوس   
xuše-ye Perseus

Fr.: amas de Persée   

A → galaxy cluster of about 12,000 members about 250 million → light-years (→ redshift z = 0.0176) away, covering 4° of sky in the constellation → Perseus. It is dominated by elliptical galaxies. At its center lies the → radio sourcePerseus A. Also known as Abell 426 (→ Abell catalog).

Perseus; → cluster.

Perseus-Pisces supercluster
  ابرخوشه‌ی ِ پرسءوس-ماهی   
abarxuše-ye Perseus-Mâhi

Fr.: superamas de Persée-Poissons   

A long, dense chain of galaxies with a length of almost 300 million → light-years, constituting one of the largest known structures in the → Universe. At the left end of the supercluster lies the massive → Perseus cluster (A426), one of the most massive clusters of galaxies within 500 million light-years.

Perseus; → Pisces; → cluster.

Persian calendar
  گاهشمار ِ ایرانی   
gâhšomâr-e Irâni (#)

Fr.: calendrier persan   

Same as → Iranian calendar.

Persian, adj. of Persia, from O.Pers. Pārsa.

Irâni adj. of Irân, from Mid.Pers. Êrân "(land of) the Aryans," pluriel of êr "noble, hero," êrîh "nobility, good conduct;" Parthian Mid.Pers. aryân; O.Pers. ariya- "Aryan;" Av. airya- "Aryan;" cf. Skt. ārya- "noble, honorable, respectable."

persist
  پریستادن   
paristâdan

Fr.: persister   

1) To continue steadfastly or firmly in some state, purpose, course of action, or the like, especially in spite of opposition, remonstrance, etc.
2) To last or endure tenaciously (Dictionary.com).

M.Fr. persister, from L. persistere "abide, continue steadfastly," from → per- "thoroughly" + sistere "come to stand, cause to stand still," → resist.

Paristâdan from par-, → per-, + istâdan "to stand," → resist.


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