An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
elegant equation
  هموگش ِ قشنگ   
hamugeš-e qašang

Fr.: équation élégante   

An equation with surprising simplicity that expresses a fundamental result relating several apparently unassociable elements. For example, → Euler's formula for the particular case of θ = π, and the → mass-energy relation.

elegant; → equation.

element
  بن‌پار، عنصر   
bonpâr (#), onsor (#)

Fr.: élément   

1) General: A component or constituent of a whole or one of the parts into which a whole may be resolved by analysis.
2) Astro.: Any of the data required to define the precise nature of an orbit and to determine the position of a planet in the orbit at any given time. → orbital element.
3) Chemistry:: One of the 117 presently known substances that cannot be decomposed by chemical reaction into a simpler substance.
4) Math.:a) Of a cylinder or cone, the generating line of the surface, taken in any position. b) Of a set, any member of the set.

From O.Fr. élément, from L. elementum "rudiment, one of the four elements, first principle," origin unknown.

Bonpâr, from bon "basis; root; foundation; bottom;" Mid.Pers. bun "root; foundation; beginning," Av. būna- "base, depth," cf. Skt. bundha-, budhná- "base, bottom," Pali bunda- "root of tree" + pâr contraction of pâré "piece, part, portion, fragment;" Mid.Pers. pârag "piece, part, portion; gift, offering, bribe;" Av. pāra- "debt," from par- "to remunerate, equalize; to condemn;" PIE *per- "to sell, hand over, distribute; to assign;" cf. L. pars "part, piece, side, share," portio "share, portion;" Gk. peprotai "it has been granted;" Skt. purti- "reward;" Hitt. pars-, parsiya- "to break, crumble." Onsor from Ar.

element diffusion
  پخش ِ بن‌پار   
paxš-e bonpâr

Fr.: diffusion des éléments   

An important physical process occurring in stars, which is the relative separation of the various → chemical elements. It is caused by → gravitational settling and → thermal diffusion, on the one hand, and → radiative levitation on the other. This process, which was described by Michaud (1970) to account for the abundance anomalies observed in → chemically peculiar  → A star, is now recognized as occuring in all types of stars. Its influence on the observed → chemical abundances is extremely variable, however, due to competing macroscopic motions like → convective  → mixing or rotation-induced → turbulence. In the Sun, no observable abundance anomalies are expected from element diffusion, as the time scale of the process is longer than the solar lifetime. However the small induced → depletion of → helium and → heavy elements by about 20% is detectable through → helioseismology. Such detections are more difficult in stars, as only global → oscillation modes can be detected, in contrast to the Sun, where local oscillations of the surface can be analyzed (Théado et al., 2005, A&A 437, 553).

element; → diffusion.

elemental abundance
  فراوانی ِ بن‌پار، ~ عنصر   
farâvâni-ye bonpâr, ~ onsor

Fr.: abondance élémentaire, ~ d'un élément   

Emission nebulae: The relative amount of a given → chemical element in an ionized nebula with respect to another element, usually → hydrogen. Elemental abundance ratios of → emission nebulae are obtained either by adding the observed → ionic abundances of the element or by using → ionization correction factors. Same as → total abundance.

Elemental, from M.L. elementalis, → element + -al; abundance, from O.Fr. abundance, from L. abundantia "fullness," from abundare "to overflow," from L. ab- "away" + undare "to surge," from unda "water, wave;" → abundance.

elementary particle
  ذره‌ی ِ بنیادین   
zarre-ye bonyâdin (#)

Fr.: particule élémentaire   

A particle which cannot be divided into other constituents. More specifically, a particle whose field appears in the fundamental field equations of the unified field theory of elementary particles, in particular in the Lagrangian. For example, the → electron, the → photon, and the → quark are elementary particles, whereas the proton and neutron are not. The elementary nature of a particle can be revised depending on new observations or theories. Also called → fundamental particle.

Elementary, M.E. elementare, from M.F. élémentaire, from L. elementarius, from → element + adj. suffix -arius; → particle.

Bonyâdin, from bonyâd "basis, foundation," variant of bonlâd, from bon "basis; root; foundation; bottom" → element + lâd "root; foundation; reason, cause; wall" + adj. suffix -in.

elementary time
  زمان ِ بنیادین   
zamân-e bonyâdin

Fr.: temps élémentaire   

The time required for → light to cross the classical radius of the electron (→ electron radius): te = re/c ≅ 10-23 s.

elementary particle; → time.

elements of the orbit
  بن‌پارهای ِ مدار، عنصرهای ~   
bonpârhâ-ye madâr, onsorhâ-ye ~ (#)

Fr.: éléments orbitaux   

orbital element.

element; → orbit.

elephant trunk
  خرطوم ِ فیل   
xortum-e fil

Fr.: trompe d'éléphant   

An elongated structure of → interstellar dust and gas which absorbs the radiation from background stars in an → H II region. These structures are the denser remnants of → molecular clouds from which → massive stars are formed. Elephant trunks are eventually dissipated by the action of the → ionizing radiation and → stellar wind of the associated massive stars. A remarkable example of these structures is displayed by the → HST image of the → Eagle Nebula as → pillars of obscuring matter protruding from the interior wall of a dark molecular cloud. Some → Bok globules may represent the remaining densest fragments of elephant trunks.

M.E. elephant, from O.Fr. olifant, from L. elephantus, from Gk. elephas "elephant, ivory," probably from a non-I.E. language, likely via Phoenician; trunk, from M.E. trunke, O.Fr. tronc, from L. truncus "stem, trunk, stump."

Xortum "the proboscis of an elephant," loanword from Ar. xartum; fil, pil "elephant," from Mid.Pers. pil "elephant;" O.Pers. piru- "ivory."

Elephant's Trunk Nebula
  میغ ِ خرطوم ِ فیل   
miq-e xortum-e fil

Fr.: Nébuleuse de la trompe d'éléphant   

An elongated dark structure of gas and dust in the → H II region IC 1396. It spans about 5 degrees on the sky in the constellation → Cepheus, about 2400 → light-years from the Earth. The Elephant Trunk Nebula is believed to be site of star formation, containing several very young stars. It is an example of → elephant trunks associated with star forming regions.

elephant trunk; → nebula.

elevate
  بالاییدن   
bâlâyidan

Fr.: élever   

1) To move or raise to a higher place or position; lift up.
2) To raise to a higher state, rank, or office; exalt; promote (Dictionary.com).

From L. elevatus, p.p. of elevare "to lift up, raise," from → ex- "out" + levare "lighten, raise," from levis "light" in weight, → lever.

Bâlâyidan, from bâla "up, above, high, elevated, height," related to boland "high," borz, "height, → magnitude."

elevating floor
  کف ِ بالارو   
kaf-e bâlârow (#)

Fr.: plancher mobile   

The floor below a telescope used to lift observers to the level of the telescope's eyepiece, since the telescope is tilted at varying angles when it is in use.

Elevating, adj. of → elevate; → floor.

elevation
  بالایش   
bâlâyeš

Fr.: élevation   

1) The height to which something is elevated or to which it rises.
2) An elevated place, thing, or part; an eminence (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → elevate; → -tion.

Eley-Rideal mechanism
  ساز-و-کار ایلی-ردیل   
sâzokâr-e Eley-Rideal

Fr.: mécanisme de Eley-Rideal   

A → chemical reaction on solid surfaces in which one atom or molecule is → adsorbed on the catalyst surface, and another reacts directly from the gas phase. This type of mechanism may occur preferentially on very small → dust grains, where transient heating events prevent weakly bound species from remaining and in larger grains at high temperatures. Compare with the → Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism.

Proposed in 1938 by D. D. Eley (1914-2015), a British chemist and Professor of Physical Chemistry and E. K. Rideal (1890-1974), an English physical chemist.

eliminate
  اساندن   
osândan

Fr.: éliminer   

1) To remove or get rid of, especially as being in some way undesirable.
2) Math.: To remove (an unknown variable) from two or more simultaneous equations (Dictionary.com).

L. eliminatus, p.p. of eliminare "to thrust out of doors, expel," from ex limine "off the threshold," from → ex- "off, out" + limine, ablative of limen "threshold."

Osândan, from Tabari uzitan, huzənniyən, hozənniyan "to expel," from os- "out," → ex-, + -ândan suffix of transitive verbs.

elimination
  اسانش   
osâneš

Fr.: élimination   

1) The act of eliminating; the state of being eliminated.
Math.: The process of solving a system of simultaneous → equations by using various techniques to remove the → variables successively (Dictionary.com).

Verbal noun of → eliminate; → -tion.

ellipse
  بیضی   
beyzi (#)

Fr.: ellipse   

The locus of a point the sum of whose distances from two fixed points is constant.

From O.Fr. ellipse, from L. ellipsis "ellipse," also, "a falling short, deficit," from Gk. elleipsis "an omission," from el-, variant of en-, + leip-, stem of leipein "to leave" + suffix -sis.

Beyzi, from Ar.

ellipsoid
  بیضی‌وار   
beyzivâr (#)

Fr.: ellipsoïde   

A three-dimensional geometric figure resembling a flattened sphere. It is generated by rotating an ellipse around one of its axes.

From → ellipse + → -oid.

elliptic
  بیضی‌گون   
beyzigun (#)

Fr.: elliptique   

Relating to or having the form of an → ellipse. Same as → elliptical.

From Gk. elleiptikos "pertaining to an ellipse," from elleipein "to fall short, leave out," from en- "in" + leipein "to leave," + → -ic.

Beyzigun, from beyzi, → ellipse, + -gun, from gun "resembling; manner, fashion; color" (Mid.Pers. gônak "kind, species;" Av. gaona- "color").

elliptic aberration
  بیراهش ِ بیضی‌گون   
birâheš-e biyzigun

Fr.: aberration elliptique   

That part of → annual aberration proportional to the → eccentricity of the Earth's orbit.

elliptic; → aberration.

elliptical
  بیضی‌گون   
beyzigun (#)

Fr.: elliptique   

Pertaining to or having the shape of a geometric ellipse.

elliptic; → -al.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>