An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : in
Lambert's law
  قانون ِ لامبرت   
qânun-e Lambert

Fr.: loi de Lambert   

Same as → Lambert's cosine law.

lambert; → law.

Lambertian disk
  گرده‌ی ِ لامبرتی، دیسک ِ ~   
gerde-ye Lamberti, disk-e ~

Fr.: disque lambertien   

A → planetary or → satellite disk with → Lambertian surface. Such a disk has the same → surface brightness at all angles.

lambert; → disk.

Lambertian surface
  رویه‌ی ِ لامبرتی   
ruye-ye Lamberti

Fr.: surface lambertienne   

A surface whose → luminous intensity obeys → Lambert's cosine law. Such a source has a → reflectance that is uniform across its surface and uniformly emits in all directions from all its points. It appears equally bright from all viewing directions. Lambertian surface is a very useful concept for the approximation of radiant power transfer.

lambert; → surface.

lament
  ۱) شکوه؛ ۲) شکویدن   
1) šekvé (#); šekvidan

Fr.: 1) lamentation, grief; 2) se lamenter   

1a) A real or imagined cause for → complaint, especially unfair treatment.
1b) A feeling of resentment over something believed to be wrong or unfair.
2) To feel or express sorrow or regret for; to mourn for or over (OxfordDictionaries.com).

M.E., from M.Fr. lament and directly from L. lamentum "a wailing, moaning, weeping" from lamentum "a wailing," from PIE root *la- "to shout, cry."

Šekvé, Pers. construction from Ar. šakvâ "complaint."

lamina
  ورقه   
varaqé (#)

Fr.: lame, lamina   

A thin plate, layer, or flake.

From L. lamina "thin plate or layer, leaf."

Varaqé "sheet, plate," from varaq "a leaf of tree or of paper," from Ar. waraq, from Pers. barg "leaf" (Tabari, Gilaki valg, balg; Kurd. belg, balk, Semnâni valg); Mid.Pers. warg "leaf;" Av. varəka- "leaf;" cf. Skt. valká- "bark, bast, rind;" Russ. volokno "fibre, fine combed flax."

laminar
  ورقه‌ای   
varaqe-yi

Fr.: laminaire   

Composed of, or arranged in, laminae, sheets.

lamina + → -ar.

laminar boundary layer
  لایه‌ی ِ کرانی ِ ورقه‌ای   
lâye-ye karâni-ye varaqe-yi

Fr.: Couche limite laminaire   

In a fluid flow, layer next to a fixed boundary. The fluid velocity is zero at the boundary but the molecular viscous stress is large because the velocity gradient normal to the wall is large. → turbulent boundary layer.

laminar; → boundary; → layer.

laminar flow
  تچان ِ ورقه‌ای   
tacân-e varaqe-yi

Fr.: écoulement laminaire   

A flow in which the particles of fluid are moving orderly, and in which adjacent layers or laminas glide smoothly over another with little mixing between them. A laminar flow may rapidly transform into a → turbulent flow for large → Reynolds numbers.

laminar; → flow.

laminar sublayer
  زیرلایه‌ی ِ ورقه‌ای   
zirlâye-ye varaqe-yi

Fr.: sous-couche laminaire   

A layer in which the fluid undergoes smooth, nonturbulent flow. It is found between any surface and a turbulent layer above.

laminar; sublayer, from → sub- + → layer.

lamp
  لامپ، چراغ   
lâmp (#), cerâq (#)

Fr.: lampe   

Any of various devices producing artificial light, as by electricity, gas, or oil.

From O.Fr. lampe, from L. lampas, from Gk. lampas "torch, lamp, beacon, meteor, light," from lampein "to shine," from PIE base *lap- "to shine" (cf. Lith. lope "light," O.Ir. lassar "flame").

Lâmp, loanword from Fr., as above.
Cerâq "lamp" (variants Kurd. cira, cerâh, Laki cerâx, Zâzâ cərâ, cərâx "lamp, candle," Shughni cirow, cirâw, cərêγ "candle, lamp"); Mid.Pers. cirâq "lamp," related to foruq "light," afruxtan "to light, kindle," rowšan "bright, clear," rowzan "window, aperture;" ruz "day;" Mid.Pers. rôšn "light; bright, luminous," rôc "day;" O.Pers. raucah-rocânak "window;" O.Pers. raocah- "light, luminous; daylight;" Av. raocana- "bright, shining, radiant;" akin to Skt. rocaná- "bright, shining," roka- "brightness, light;" Gk. leukos "white, clear;" L. lux "light" (also lumen, luna); Fr. lumière; E. light; O.E. leoht, leht, from W.Gmc. *leukhtam (cf. O.Fris. liacht, M.Du. lucht, Ger. Licht), from PIE *leuk- "light, brightness."

land
  خشکی، زمین   
xoški (#), zamin (#)

Fr.: terre   

Any part of the earth's surface not covered by a body of water.

M.E., from O.E. land, lond, "ground, soil, territory;" PIE base *lendh- "land, heath" (cf. O.N., O.Fris. Du., Ger., Goth. land; O.Ir. land; Welsh llan "enclosure, church," Breton lann "heath," source of Fr. lande; O.C.S. ledina "waste land, heath," Czech lada "fallow land").

Xoški, from xošk, → dry, + noun suffix -i; zamin "land, → earth."

land breeze
  نسیم ِ خشکی   
nasim-e xoški (#)

Fr.: brise de terre   

A coastal breeze blowing from land to sea after sunset, caused by the temperature difference when the sea surface is warmer than the adjacent land. The warmer air above the water continues to rise, and cooler air from over the land replaces it, creating a breeze.

Land, → lander; → breeze.

Xoški "land," from xošk "dry;" Mid.Pers. xušk "dry;" O.Pers. uška- "mainland;" Av. huška- "dry;" cf. Skt. śuska- "dry, dried out;" Gk. auos "dry, dried up;" O.E. sēar "dried up, withered;" Lith. sausas "dry, barren."

Landau damping
  میرایی ِ لانداؤ   
mirâyi-ye Landau

Fr.: amortissement de Landau   

The process wherein a → plasma gains energy at the expense of the → Langmuir wave. In the presence of the → Landau resonance, the particles in resonance moving slightly faster than the wave lose energy, while those moving slightly slower will gain energy. Since the Maxwellian distribution is decreasing with velocity, in a Maxwellian plasma, near the Landau resonance, there are more particles at lower velocities than at higher velocities. Also called collisionless damping.

Lev Landau (1908-1968), a prominent Soviet physicist, 1962 Nobel Prize in Physics for his development of a mathematical theory of → superfluidity; → damping.

Landau level
  تراز ِ لانداؤ   
tarâz-e Landau

Fr.: niveau de Landau   

The → energy level which can be occupied by a → free electron in a → magnetic field.

Landau damping; → level.

Landau resonance
  باز‌آوایی ِ لانداؤ   
bâzâvâyi-ye Landau

Fr.: résonance de Landau   

For parallel propagating → electrostatic waves in a → plasma, the → resonance which occurs when the particle velocity equals the parallel phase velocity of the wave.

Landau damping; → damping.

Landé factor
  کروند ِ لانده   
karvand-e Landé

Fr.: facteur de Landé   

The constant of proportionality relating the separations of lines of successive pairs of adjacent components of the levels of a spectral multiplet to the larger of the two J-values for the respective pairs. The interval between two successive components J and J + 1 is proportional to J + 1.

After Alfred Landé (1888-1976), a German-American physicist, known for his contributions to quantum theory; → facteur.

lander
  زمین‌نشین   
zamin-nešin

Fr.: atterrisseur   

A → space probe designed to land on a → planet or other solid → celestial body.

land; → -er.

Lane-Emden equation
  هموگش ِ لین-امدن   
hamugeš-e Lane-Emden

Fr.: équation de Lane-Emden   

A second-order nonlinear → differential equation that gives the structure of a → polytrope of index n.

Named after the American astrophysicist Jonathan Homer Lane (1819-1880) and the Swiss astrophysicist Robert Emden (1862-1940); → equation

Langevin equation
  هموگش ِ لانژون   
hamugeš-e Langevin

Fr.: équation de Langevin   

Equation of motion for a weakly ionized cold plasma.

Paul Langevin (1872-1946), French physicist, who developed the theory of magnetic susceptibility of a paramagnetic gas; → equation.

Langmuir wave
  موج ِ لانگموییر   
mowj-e Langmuir

Fr.: onde de Langmuir   

A disturbance of a → plasma in the form of a longitudinal, → electrostatic wave that propagates in the plasma due to variations in the plasma's electron density. More specifically, Langmuir waves are collective oscillations of inhomogeneous bunches of electrons displaced from their natural equilibrium, in which the inertia of the relatively massive ions serves to establish an electrostatic restoring force that tries to bring the electrons back to their equilibrium positions. → Landau damping causes dissipation of Langmuir waves as the electrons are either accelerated or decelerated so as to be in resonance with the phase velocity of the waves themselves.

Irving Langmuir (1881-1957), American chemist and physicist, Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1932; → wave.

<< < -es -it -sc 201 951 abe abs abs aca acc acc aco act ada adh ado aer aft air Alf alg alk alp Alt alt amb ana And ang ani ann ant ant ant apo app app Apu arc arg Arn art ass ast ast ast atm ato att aur aut avo azi bac bal bar bar bat Bea Bel bet bia big bin bio Bir bla bla blo Blu bol Boo bou box bre Bri bro bur cal cal Can cap car Car cat cau cel cen cen cha Cha cha che Chi chr cir cir civ cla clo clo CMB coa coe coh col col col com com com com com com com com Com con con con con con con con con con con con con coo cor cor cor Cos cos cos cou cou cra cri cro cry cul cur cyc D l dar dat day dea dec dec dec def def deg Del Den dep der det deu dew dic dif dif dil dip dir dis dis dis dis dis diu dog Dop dou Dra Dsc dus dwa dyn Dys Ear ecc eco edg egg Ein Ela ele ele ele ele ell eme emp enc eng ent epi equ equ equ eru eth Eur eve exa exc exe exi exo exp ext ext ext fab fai Fan fea fem fer fie fil fir fir fla fli flu foc for for for fra fre fre fri fun fuz gal gal gal Gam gau Gau gen geo geo geo geo Gib glo gov gra gra gra gra gre gro Gui H-a hal Ham har Hay hea hei hel Hel her het hie hig hoa hom hor hot Hub Hug hur hyd hyd hyl hyp ice ide ima ima imp imp inc inc ind ine inf inf inf ing inn ins ins int int int int int int int int inv inv ion iro Isl iso iso Jab jet Jov Jup Kar Kep kil Kip Kra Lag Lam Lan Lar las law lea Leg Leo lev lig lim lin lin lin lit loc loc log Lor low lum lun lun Lym Mac mag mag mag mag mag mai Mal map mas mas mat Mau mea mea med Men mer Mes Met met mic mic Mie mil min Mir mix mod mol mom Moo mor mov mul mur n-b nan nat nea neg Ner neu new New NGC noc nom non non nor nor nuc nuc nul nut obj obl obs occ oct off old one ope opp opt opt orb ord org Ori osc oth ove Owl P-s Pal par par par par Pas pat pec pen per per per per per Pha pha pho pho pho phy pie pix Pla pla pla pla Pli Poi pol pol pol pol por pos pos pow pre pre pre pre pri pri pri pro pro pro pro pro pro pro pub pul pyc qua qua qua qua qui rad rad rad rad rad rad rai ran rar Ray rea Rea rec rec red red ref ref reg rel rel rel ren res res res res ret rev Ric rig rin roc roo rot rot rur S5- Sal sat sca sca Sch sci Scu sec sec sed sel sel sem seq set sha she sho sid sie sil sim sin sit sky slo sno sod sol sol sol sol son sou spa spa spe spe spe spe sph spi spo squ sta sta sta sta ste ste ste Sti sto str str sub sub sub sul sup sup sup sup sur sur syl syn sys tal Tay tel ten ter tex the the the the Tho thr tid tim Tit too Tor tra tra Tra tra Tra tri Tri tru tub tur two Typ ult ult unc uni uni uni upl ura uti val var vec vel ver Ver vie vir vis vis vol W-R war wav wav wea Wei wha wid win WN3 Wol wri xen yok zen zij > >>