An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 662
isolated neutron star (INS)
  ستاره‌ی ِ نوترونی ِ وایوتیده   
setâre-ye notroni-ye vâyutidé

Fr.: étoile à neutron isolée   

A → neutron star which does not belong to a → binary system, does not have radio emission, and is not surrounded by a progenitor → supernova remnant. INSs appear to be thermally cooling with no emission outside the → soft X-ray band, except for faint optical/UV counterparts. Although these properties are similar to those of → compact central object (CCO)s, they are a distinct class because they lack any observable associated supernova remnant or nebula. There are presently seven confirmed INSs (sometimes referred to as The Magnificent Seven), six of which have measured weakly modulated X-ray pulsations with periods between 3 s and 11 s, much longer than those of CCOs (A. K. Harding, 2013, Front. Phys. 8, 679).

isolated; → neutron; → star.

isolated system
  راژمان ِ وایوتیده   
râžmân-e vâyutidé

Fr.: système isolé   

Thermodynamics: A system which has no exchange of energy or matter with surroundings. The internal energy of such a system remains constant. → closed system; → open system.

isolated; → system.

isolation
  وایوتش   
vâyuteš

Fr.: isolation   

An act or instance of isolating; the state of being isolated.

Verbal noun of → isolate.

isomer
  ایزومر   
izomer (#)

Fr.: isomère   

Physics: Any of two or more nuclei having the same atomic number A and mass number Z but different half-lives.
Chemistry: One of two or more substances that have the same chemical composition but differ in structural form.

Back formation from isomeric, from → iso- + mer a combining form meaning "part," from Gk. meros "part, portion, share."

Izomer, loan from Fr. isomère.

isomorphism
  ایزو-ریخت‌مندی   
izo-rixtmandi

Fr.: isomorphisme   

A one-to-one → mapping between two → sets, which preserves the relations existing between elements in its → domain. An isomorphism is a → bijective morphism.

iso-; → morphism.

isoneph
  ایزو-ابر   
izoabr

Fr.: isonèphe   

A line drawn through all points on a weather map having the same amount of → cloud cover.

From Gk. → iso- + nephos "cloud," cognate with Pers. nam "humidity, moisture;" Av. napta- "moist," nabās-câ- "cloud," nabah- "sky;" Skt. nábhas- "moisture, cloud, mist;" L. nebula "mist," nimbus "rainstorm, rain cloud;" O.H.G. nebul; Ger. Nebel "fog;" O.E. nifol "dark;" from PIE *nebh- "cloud, vapor, fog, moist, sky."

Izoabr, from izo-, → iso-, + abr → cloud.

isophotal
  ایزوشیدی   
izošidi

Fr.: isophotal   

Of or relating to → isophotes.

isophote; → -al.

isophotal radius
  شعاع ِ ایزوشیدی   
šo'â'-e izošidi

Fr.: rayon isophotal   

The size attributed to a galaxy corresponding to a particular level of → surface brightness. The reason is that galaxies do not have sharp edges.

isophotal; → radius.

isophote
  ایزوشید   
izošid

Fr.: isophote   

A line joining points with the same surface brightness on a plot or in image of a celestial object such as a nebula or galaxy.

Isophote, from → iso- + a combining form of Gk. phos (gen. photos) "light."

Izošid, from izo-, → iso-, + šid "light, sunlight," from Mid.Pers. šêt "shining, radiant, bright;" Av. xšaēta- "shining, brilliant, splendid, excellent."

isoplanatic
  ایزوبیراه   
izobirâh

Fr.: isoplanatique   

The quality of an imaging system which is characterized by → isoplanatism.

From → iso- "equal, uniform" + Gk. plane "wandering," from planasthai "to wander" + -tic adjective-forming suffix, → -ic.

Izobirâh, from izo-, → iso-, + birâh "a devious path; a wanderer, who deviates, errs."

isoplanatic angle
  زاویه‌ی ِ ایزوبیراه   
zâviye-ye izobirâh

Fr.: angle isoplanatique   

The angle in which the → point spread function of the atmosphere/telescope system is space invariant. Because of the presence of → turbulence in high layers of the atmosphere, this angle is extremely small, often only a few seconds of arc at visible wavelengths. See also → aplanatism.

isoplanatic; → angle.

isoplanatic patch
  پچ ِ ایزوبیراه، تکه‌ی ِ ~   
pac-e izobirâh, teke-ye ~

Fr.: tache isoplanatique   

The spatial region where the variation of the → point spread function of an imaging system is considered negligible.

isoplanatic; → patch.

isoplanatism
  ایزوبیراهی، ایزوبیراهمندی   
izobirâhi, izobirâhmandi

Fr.: isoplanatisme   

In an imaging system, the unvarying of the → point spread function over an extended field of view.

From isoplanat(ic), → isoplanatic, + → -ism.

isoplanicity
  ایزوبیراهیگی   
izobirâhigi

Fr.: isoplanicité   

The condition in which the wavefronts arriving from different parts of a region of sky undergo almost identical phase perturbations. See also → isoplanatic patch.

isoplanatic; → patch.

isopleth
  ایزوچند، هم‌چند   
izocand, hamcand

Fr.: isoplèthe   

A line on a map connecting points of equal value. For example the contour lines joining points of equal altitude on a topographic map. Some other examples of isopleths are: → isobar, → isoneph, and → isohel.

From Gk. isoplethes, from → iso- + pleth(os) "great number, multitude;" cognate with Pers. por, → full, + -es adj. suffix.

Izocand, from izo-, → iso-, + cand replacing candi (after prefix) "quantity," from Mid.Pers. candih "amount, quantity," from cand "how many, how much; so many, much;" O.Pers. yāvā "as long as;" Av. yauuant- [adj.] "how great?, how much?, how many?," yauuat [adv.] "as much as, as far as;" cf. Skt. yāvant- "how big, how much;" Gk. heos "as long as, until."

isosceles triangle
  سه‌بر ِ دو-پهلو-برابر   
sebar-e do-pahlu-barâbar (#)

Fr.: triangle équilatéral   

A triangle having two sides equal.

From L.L. isosceles, from Gk. isoskeles "with equal legs; that can be divided into two equal parts," from isos "equal, identical," → iso-, + skelos "leg."

Sebar, → triangle, do-pahlu-baraabar, from do, → two, pahlu, → side, barâbar, → equal.

isospin
  ایزو-اسپین   
izospin (#)

Fr.: isospin   

A quantum number based on the assumption that the nucleon (proton and neutron) is a single entity having two states, like → spin. It is conserved by the strong interaction. Same as isotopic spin, isobaric spin.

From → iso- + → spin

isotherm
  ایزودما   
izodamâ

Fr.: isotherme   

Meteo.: A line on a map or graph joining points of equal temperature.

Isotherm, back formation from → isothermal.

Izodamâ, from → iso- + damâ, → temperature.

isothermal
  ایزودما   
izodamâ

Fr.: isotherme   

1) Relating to or having a constant temperature.
2) Pertaining to an → isotherm.

Isothermal, from → iso- + therm, from Gk. therme "heat" thermos "warm;" cognate with Pers. garm "warm" (garmâ "heat, warmth," from Mid.Pers. garmâg; O.Pers./Av. garəma- "hot, warm;" cf. Skt. gharmah "heat;" L. formus "warm," fornax "oven;" P.Gmc. *warmaz; O.E. wearm; E. warm; O.H.G., Ger. warm; PIE *ghworm-/*ghwerm- "warm") + → -al; → process.

Izodamâ, from → iso- + damâ, → temperature.

isothermal process
  فراروند ِ ایزودما   
farâravand-e izodamâ

Fr.: processus isotherme   

A → thermodynamic process that takes place at → constant  → temperature. For the temperature of a system to remain strictly constant, the changes in other coordinates (pressure and volume) must be carried out slowly, and → heat must enter or leave the system to maintain a constant temperature. → polytropic process. Astrophysical examples include the → collapse of a → protostar down the → Hayashi track, and the collapse of a star at the end of its life to become a → white dwarf.

isothermal; → process.


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