An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

Of or pertaining to the outside or outer part.

M.E., from M.Fr. externe or directly from L. externus "outside, outward," from exterus, a comparative of → ex-, + → -al.

Biruni, adj. from birun "out, the outside," → out.

The → photoelectric effect in solids where free electrons are emitted from the surface of a substance (e.g., → semiconductor) when radiation of appropriate frequency falls on it. Also called → photoemissive effect.

→ external; → photoelectric; → effect.

The work done by a thermodynamic system as it expands against its surrounding environment. It is equal to ∫pdV, where p is the applied external pressure and V the volume, integrated from the initial V₁ to final V₂.

→ external; → work.

Verbal noun of → externalize.

→ externalize + → -tion.

1) To make external; embody in an outward form.
2) To regard or treat as being caused by externals; attribute to external causes (Dictionary.com).

→ external + → -ize.