An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

A blood vessel that conveys blood from the heart to any part of the body (Dictionary.com).

Etymology (EN): M.E. arterie, O.Fr. artaire, from L. arteria, from Gk. arteria “windpipe,” also “an artery,” as distinct from a vein; related to aeirein “to raise.”

Etymology (PE): Sorxrag, literally “red vessel,” from sorx, → red, + rag, → vessel.