An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Of or relating to citizens and their interrelations with one another or with the state.

Etymology (EN): M.E., from L. civilis “of or proper to a citizen,”
from civis “citizen, townsman,” from PIE *kei- “to lie, homestead;” → city.

Etymology (PE): Šârin, from šâr “city,” variant šahr; Mid.Pers. šahr “city, country, land”
(O.Pers./Av. xšaθra- “kingship, kingdom,” (Skt. ksatra-), from xšay-, “to rule;” cf. Skt. ksayati “possesses;” Gk. ktaomai “I acquire,” ktema “piece of property”) + -in suffix of adjectives, relations and agent nouns (as in qamin “sorrowful,” nušin “sweet, agreeable (thing).”