An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

1a) Enlightenment and sophistication acquired by a person or society through education, arts, letters, manners, and scholarly pursuits.

1b) The beliefs, customs, practices, and social behavior of a certain nation, people, or period.

2a) The growing of biological material (such as plants, microorganisms, animal tissue) for scientific study, medicinal use, etc.

2b) The product or growth resulting from such cultivation.

Etymology (EN): M.E., from M.Fr. culture from L. cultura “cultivation, agriculture;
care; honoring,” from p.p. stem of colere “to till, cultivate; inhabit; maintain; cherish, honor;” PIE *k^wel- “to move around;” cf. Av. car- “to move, go, walk,” carāni “I would go,” carāt “he would go;” Mid.Pers. car- “to pasture, graze,” carag “pasture, grazing; flock;” Mod.Pers. caridan “to graze;” Skt. car- “to move, go, walk;” Gk. pelomai “to move.”

Etymology (PE): 1) Farhang “culture, education; dictionary,” related to farhixtan “to educate,” âhanjidan “to draw up;” Mid.Pers. frahang “education, instruction; knowledge,” frahixtan, frahanjidan “to educate;” Av. fraθang- “to drive forward, to drive to,” from frā-, fra- “forward, forth,” → pro-,

• θang-, θanj- “to draw, to pull.”
  

2. Kešt past stem of keštan, variants kâštan, kâridan “to cultivate, to plant;” Mid.Pers. kištan, kâridan “to sow, plant; to make furrows;” Av. kar- “to strew seed, cultivate,” kāraiieiti “cultivates;” cf. Skt. kar- “to scatter, strew, pour out.”