An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

The most accurate solar calendar in use, which is based on
two successive passages of the Sun through the true vernal equinox.
The year length, defined by an ingenious intercalation system devised by the mathematician Omar Khayyâm (A.D. 1048-1131), is 365.2424.. solar days,
in perfect agreement with the → vernal-equinox year of 365.24236 solar days (epoch +2000). This interval should not be confounded with the → tropical year of 365.2422 solar days. The most remarkable
feature of the calendar is Nowruz, the spring festival, which has its profound roots in the Zoroastrian worldview. Same as → Persian calendar. Click here for more details.

Etymology (EN): Iranian, of or pertaining to Iran “(land of) the Aryans,” as below;
→ calendar.

Etymology (PE): Gâhšomâr, → calendar; Irâni adj. of Irân, from Mid.Pers. Êrân “(land of) the Aryans,” pluriel of êr “noble, hero,” êrîh “nobility, good conduct;” Parthian Mid.Pers. aryân; O.Pers. ariya- “Aryan;” Av. airya- “Aryan;” cf. Skt. ārya- “noble, honorable, respectable.”