An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

1a) A public officer authorized to hear and decide cases in a court of law; a magistrate charged with the administration of justice.

1b) A person qualified to pass a critical judgment.

2a) To pass legal judgment on; pass sentence on (a person).

2b) to form a judgment or opinion of; decide upon critically (Dictionary.com).

Etymology (EN): M.E. jugen, from Anglo-Fr. juger, O.Fr. jugier “to form an opinion about; make a decision,” also “to try and pronounce sentence upon (someone) in a court,” from Anglo-Fr juger, O.Fr. jugier “to judge, pronounce judgment; pass an opinion on,” from L. iudicare “to judge, to examine officially; form an opinion upon; pronounce judgment,” from iudicem “a judge,” a compound of ius “right, law,” → just,

• root of dicere “to say.”

Etymology (PE): Dâdras “justice administrator,” from dâd, → justice, + ras present stem and agent noun of rasidan “to attain, to arrive, to mature,” → access.