An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

In elementary geometry, pertaining to or involving right angles or perpendiculars.
Of a system of real functions, defined so that the integral of the product of any two different functions is zero.
Of a linear transformation, defined so that the length of a vector under the transformation equals the length of the original vector.
Of a square matrix, defined so that its product with its transpose results in the identity matrix.

Etymology (EN): → ortho- + gonia “angle,” related to gony “knee;” L. genu “knee;” Mod.Pers. zânu “knee;” Av. žnav-, žnu- “knee;” Skt. janu-; PIE base *g(e)neu-, see below, + → -al

Etymology (PE): Ardâkonj, from ardâ-, → ortho-, + konj “angle, corner, confined place” (variants xong “corner, angle,” Tabari kânj, Kurd. kunj, Hamadâni kom), maybe from the PIE base *g(e)neu-, as above, and related to Mod.Pers. zânu “knee” (Av. žnu-), Skt. kona- “angle, corner,” Gk. gony, gonia, L. cuneus “a wedge,” Albanian (Gheg dialect) kân “angle, corner,” Albanian (Toks) kënd “angle, corner.”