An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Computers: A set of rules and methods used for communication and transmission of data between different computer systems. Protocols may be implemented by hardware, software, or a combination of the two. Simple protocols define the behavior of a hardware connection and help with error detection of the bit stream. High level protocols deal with the data formatting, including the syntax of messages, the terminal to computer dialogue, character sets, sequencing of messages etc.

Etymology (EN): M.E. prothogall “draft of a document,” from M.Fr. prothocole, from M.L. protocollum “draft,” literally “the first sheet of a volume” (on which contents were written), from Gk. protokollon “first leaf glued to the rolls of papyrus describing its contents,” from → proto- “first” + kolla “glue.”

Etymology (PE): Purvâband from purvâ-, → proto-, + band “joint; joined,” past stem of bastan “to bind; to shut; to form seed buds; to clot,” from Mid.Pers. bastan/vastan “to bind, shut,” Av./O.Pers. band- “to bind, fetter,” banda- “band, tie;”
Skt. bandh- “to bind, tie, fasten;” PIE *bhendh- “to bind,” cf. Ger. binden, E. bind.