An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

A substance that has a high → melting point. It is therefore resistant to treatment and not easily melted or worked. The opposite of → volatile.

Etymology (EN): From refract, → refraction + adj. suffix -ory.

Etymology (PE): Sarkeš “refractory, disobedient, rebellious, stubborn,” literally “withdrw, remove head,” from sar “head” (variants soru, sorun “horn,”
karnâ “a trumpet-like wind instrument,” variant sornâ “a wind instrument;”
Mid.Pers. sar “head,” sru “horn;” Av. sarah- “head,” srū- “horn, nail;” cf. Skt. śiras- “head, chief;” Gk. kara “head,” karena “head, top,” keras “horn;”
L. cornu “horn,” cerebrum “brain;”
P.Gmc. *khurnaz (Ger. Horn, Du. horen; cognate with E. horn, as above, from PIE *ker- “head, horn;”
O.E. horn “horn of an animal,” also “wind instrument;”
E. horn); PIE base *ker- “head, horn, top, summit”)

• keš present stem of kešidan, kašidan
  “to draw; withdraw, remove” (dialectal Yaqnavi xaš “to draw,” Qomi xaš “streak, stria, mark,” Lori kerr “line;”
  Av. karš- “to draw; to plow,” karša- “furrow;” Proto-Iranian *kerš-/*xrah- “to draw, plow;” cf. Skt. kars-, kársati “to pull, drag, plow;”
  Gk. pelo, pelomai “to move, to bustle;” PIE base k^wels- “to plow”).
  Dirgodâz, literally “melting slowly, with delay,” from dir “slowly, tardily; late” (Mid.Pers. dêr, variants dagr, drâz “long;”
  (Mod.Pers. derâz “long,” variant Laki, Kurdi derež);
  O.Pers. darga- “long;” Av. darəga-, darəγa- “long,” drājištəm “longest;” cf. Skt. dirghá- “long (in space and time);” L. longus “long;” Gk. dolikhos “elongated;” O.H.G., Ger. lang; Goth. laggs “long;” PIE base *dlonghos- “long”) +

godâz-, godâxtan “to melt” (Mid.Pers. vitâxtan, vitâcitan “to melt,” from Av. vi-taxti- “flowing away, melting,” from vi- “apart, away from, out” (O.Pers. viy- “apart, away;” cf. Skt. vi- “apart, asunder, away, out;” L. vitare “to avoid, turn aside”) + tak- “to run, to flow,” taciāp- “flowing water,” tacinti (3pl.pers.act.) “to flow,”
tacar- “course,” tacan “current, streaming;” Mod.Pers. tâz-, tâxtan “to run; to hasten; to assault,” tâzi “swift (greyhound),” tak “running, rush;”
Mid.Pers. tâz-, tâxtan “to flow, to cause to walk,” tc- “to flow, to walk,” tag “running, attack,” tâzig “swift, fast;”
Khotanese ttajs- “to flow, to walk;” cf. Skt. tak- “to rush, to hurry,” takti “runs;” O.Ir. tech- “to flow;” Lith. teketi “to walk, to flow;” O.C.S. tešti “to walk, to hurry;” Tokharian B cake “river;” PIE base *tek^w- “to run; to flow”).