An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه‌شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

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exchange
  ۱) گهولیدن؛ ۲) گهول، گهولش  
1) gahulidan (#); 2) gahul, gahuleš
Fr.: 1) échanger; 2) échange  

  1. To give and receive reciprocally.

  2. The act, process, or an instance of exchanging. → exchange force, → exchange particle, → Prevost’s law of exchanges.

Etymology (EN): O.Fr. eschangier, from V.L. *excambiare, from L. → ex- “out” + cambire “barter.”

Etymology (PE): Mod.Pers. gahulidan “to exchange,” Kurd. guhartin/guhêr- “to exchange,” Mid.Pers. wihir “to change,” wihirišn “change,” Manichean Mid.Pers. hr’g; Buddhist Mid.Pers. hlg “duty, tribute; work, effort;” Arm. loanword hark “duty, tribute;” Ar. loanword xarj “expense,” xarâj “land, property tax;” Proto-Iranian *har- “to barter, trade; to pay tribute;” IE cognates: Gk. elein “to take (by force),” elor “loot, booty, catch;” Goth. saljan “to bring, to sacrifice;” O.E. sellan “to hand over, sell;” O.H.G. sala “delivery of goods.”