An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics

English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه‌شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

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sound
  ۱) صدا؛ ۲) دروا  
1) sedâ (#); 2) dorvâ
Fr.: 1) son; 2) sain  
  1. A physiological sensation received by the ear. It is caused by a vibrating source and transmitted as a longitudinal pressure wave motion through a material medium such as air.

2a) Free from damage, injury, decay, etc.

2b) Describing an → argument→ iff its → reasoning is → valid and all its → premises are → true.

2c) Logic: A formal system is sound if all the → inferences
that are permitted by the rules of the system are valid inferences, that is, if no invalid arguments are provable within the system. → soundness.

Etymology (EN): 1) M.E. soun; O.Fr. son, from L. sonus “sound,” sonare “to sound;” PIE base *suen- “to sound;” cf. Av. xvan- “to sound;” Pers. xvân-, xvândan “to sing, read;”
Skt. svana- “sound,” svan- “to sound,” svanati “it sounds;” O.E. swinn “music, song”
(Cheung 2007).

  1. M.E. sund, from O.E. gesund “sound, safe, having the organs and faculties complete and in perfect action,” cf. O.S. gisund, O.Fris. sund, Du. gezond, O.H.G. gisunt, Ger. gesund “healthy,” as in interjection gesundheit.

Etymology (PE): 1) Sedâ “sound,” most probably a Pers. term, since it exists also in Indo-Aryan
languages: Skt. (late Vedic): sabda “articulate sound, noise,”
Pali and Prakriti: sadda “sound, noise,” Sindhi: sadu, sado “shout, call,” Gujrâti sad “call, voice, echo,” Marathi: sad “shouting to,” Konkani sad “sound,”
Sinhali: sada “sound.” Therefore,
sadâ in Ar. “reverberating noise, echo” maybe a loan from Pers., or a coincidence. Note that for the author of the classical Pers. dictionary Borhân-e Qâte’ (India, 1652 A.D.), the Ar. term is a loanword from Pers.

  1. Dorvâ (Dehxodâ) “whole, right, just;” Qâyeni, Gonâbâdi, Tabasi, Râvari dorvâx “healthy, whole,” dorvâxi “health” (related to Pers. dorud “benediction, praise,” dorost “whole, healthy, right”); cf. Sogd. žûk (from *druva-) “healthy;” O.Pers. duruwa- “healthy, firm, secure;” Av. druua- “healthy, firm, sound,” druuatāt “health, soundness,” drvô.cašman- “of sound eyes;” Skt. dhruvá- “fixed, firm;” → integral.