An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 696
enstatite chondrite
  کوندریت ِ استاتیت   
kondrite-e enstâtit

Fr.: chondrite enstatite   

A rare kind of → meteorite containing the → enstatite mineral. These meteorites are thought to comprise only about 2% of the chondrites that fall on Earth. Also called → E-type chondrite.

enstatite; → chondrite.

entangle
  هم‌گوریدن، هم‌پیچیدن   
ham-guridan, ham-picidan

Fr.: emmêler   

To wrap or twist together; to intertwine.

From → en- "in," + tangle, from M.E. tangilen, tagilen "to entangle."

Hamgureš, from ham- "together," → com-, + guridan "to become tangled, as threads or hairs, entwine," probably related to greh "knot," → node.
Hampicidan, from ham- + picidan "to twist, entwine, coil."

entanglement
  هم‌گورش، هم‌پیچی   
ham-gureš, ham-pici

Fr.: emmêlment, intrication   

The act of entangling. The state of being entangled.

Verbal noun of → entangle; → -ment.

enter
  ۱) در‌آمدن، در‌آییدن؛ ۲) در‌آیاندن   
1) darâmadan, darâyidan; 2) darâyândan

Fr.: 1) entrer; 2) faire entrer   

1) To come or go in.
2) To put in or insert. See also → entrance, → entry.

M.E. entren, from O.Fr. entrer, from L. intrare "to enter," from intra "within," → inter-.

Darâmadan, from dar, → in-, + âmadan, "to come," → egress; darâyidan, from dar- "in," + ây preset stem of âmadan, → assembly, + -idan infinitive suffix; darâyândan transitive of darâyidan.

enthalpy
  درونگرمی   
darungarmi (#)

Fr.: enthalpie   

A quantity associated with a thermodynamic system and given by H = U + pV, where H is the enthalpy, U the internal energy, p the pressure, and V the volume.

Gk. enthalp(ein) "to warm in," from en- "in, into, within" + thalpein "to warm" + -y a suffix used in the formation of action nouns from verbs.

Darungarmi, from darun "in, into, within" (Mid.Pers. andarôn "inside," from andar, → inter- + rôn "side, direction;" Av. ravan- "(course of a) river") + garm "warm" (Mid.Pers. garm; O.Pers./Av. garema- "hot, warm;" cf. Skt. gharmah "heat;" Gk. thermos "warm;" L. formus "warm," fornax "oven;" P.Gmc. *warmaz; O.E. wearm; O.H.G., Ger. warm; from PIE base *ghworm-/*ghwerm-) + -i a suffix used in the formation of action nouns from verbs.

entitle
  سرال دادن، سرالیدن   
sarâl dâdan, sarâlidan

Fr.: intituler   

To give a particular title to.

From en-, → in-, + → title.

entitled
  با سرال ِ، سرالیده   
bâ sarâl-e, sarâlidé

Fr.: intitulé   

Having the title.

Past participle of → entitle.

entity
  هستار   
hastâr (#)

Fr.: entité   

1) A real thing.
2) Being or existence, especially when considered as independent, separate, or self-contained.
3) Computer science: Something about which data is recorded. Entities have → attributes.

From L.L. entitatem, from L.L. ens (genitive entis) "being, thing," from esse "to be," cognate with Pers. hast, ast, as below.

Hastâr, from hast (noun), as in hast-o-nist, or contraction of hasti "existence," from hastan "to be" (variant astan, ast "is;" Mid.Pers. (h)ast "is," (h)astih "existence;" O.Pers. ah- "to be," astiy "is;" Av. ah- "to be" (ahmī, ahī, astī); cf. Skt. as- "to be," ásti "is;" Gk. esti "is;" L. est "is;" Russ. yest "is;" Goth. ist; E. is), + suffix -âr (as in padidâr). Alternatively, from hast (noun), as above, + -âr contraction of -dâr (as in dustâr) present stem of dâštan "to have, to possess" (Mid.Pers. dâštan, O.Pers./Av. root dar- "to hold, keep back, maintain, keep in mind," Skt. dhr-, dharma- "law," Gk. thronos "elevated seat, throne," L. firmus "firm, stable," Lith. daryti "to make," PIE *dher- "to hold, support").

entrance
  ۱، ۲) در‌آیش؛ ۲) در‌آیگاه   
1, 2) darâyeš; 2) darâygâh

Fr.: entrée   

1) An act of entering, as into a place or upon new duties.
2) A point or place of entering; an opening or passage for entering, as a doorway (Dictionary.com). → entrance pupil, → entrance slit.

M.E. entraunce, from M.Fr. entrance, from → enter + → -ance.

Darâyeš, verbal noun of darâmadan, darâyidan, → enter; darâygâh with space suffix -gâh.

entrance pupil
  مردمک ِ در‌آیش   
mardomak-e darâyeš

Fr.: pupille d'entrée   

In an → optical system, the image of the → aperture stop formed in → object space. See also → exit pupil.

entrance; → pupil.

entrance slit
  شکاف ِ در‌آیش   
šekâf-e darâyeš

Fr.: fente d'entrée   

A thin slit in an opaque screen by which light enters a spectrograph.

entrance; → slit.

entropy
  درگاشت   
dargâšt (#)

Fr.: entropie   

1) A measure of the energy that is not available for work during a → thermodynamic process. It is defined by dS = dQ/T, where dS is the differential change in entropy, dQ is the differential amount of heat introduced to the system in a → reversible process, and T the → absolute temperature of the system. Entropy remains constant during → reversible processes and increases during → irreversible processes without ever decreasing. According to the → second law of thermodynamics, an → isolated system evolves toward a state of maximum entropy. See also → Maxwell's demon.
2) Statistical physics: A measure of → disorder of the configuration of → microstates which make up a → macrostate. → Boltzmann's relation, → Boltzmann's entropy formula. Highly disordered systems have a large entropy; highly ordered systems have low entropy.
3) Math.: A measure of information content. → information entropy.

From Ger. Entropie, coined 1865 by physicist Rudolf Clausius (1822-1888) from Gk. entropia "a turning toward," from en- "in" + trope "a turning, change," related to tropos "a turn, way, manner," from tropein "to turn," from PIE base *trep- "to turn" (cf. L. trepit "he turns").

Dargâšt, from dar "in" + gâšt present stem of gâštan "to cause to revolve, to turn," transitive of gaštan, variant gardidan "to turn, to change" (Mid.Pers. vartitan; Av. varət- "to turn, revolve;" cf. Skt. vartati; L. vertere; O.H.G. werden "to become;" PIE base *wer- "to turn, bend").

entry
  در‌آیه   
darâyé (#)

Fr.: entrée   

1) An act of entering; → entrance.
2) Permission or right to enter; access.
3) A place of ingress or entrance, especially an entrance hall or vestibule.
4) The act of entering or recording something in a book, register, list, etc. The statement, item, etc., so entered or recorded (Dictionary.com).

M.E. entre(e), from O.Fr. entree, from L. intrata, p.p. of intrare "to → enter."

Darâyé, noun from darây present stem of darâmadan, darâyidan, → enter, + noun suffix.

envelope
  پوشه   
pušé (#)

Fr.: enveloppe   

A shell of dust or gas expanding out from an astronomical object such as a star or a comet's nucleus.

From Fr. enveloppe, from O.Fr. envoloper "to envelop," from en- "in" + voloper "wrap up," of obscure origin, perhaps related to M.L. aluppa "a very thin piece or slice of wood" and influenced by L. volvere "to roll."

Pušé, noun from pušidan "to cover; to put on;" Mid.Pers. pôšidan, pôš- "to cover; to wear;" cf. Mid.Pers. pôst; Mod.Pers. pust "skin, hide;" O.Pers. pavastā- "thin clay envelope used to protect unbaked clay tablets;" Skt. pavásta- "cover," Proto-Indo-Iranian *pauastā- "cloth."

environment
  ۱، ۲، ۳) پرگیر؛ ۳) زیستبوم   
1, 2, 3) pargir (#); 3) zistbum

Fr.: environnement   

1) An aggregate of surrounding → circumstances, → conditions, or → influences in which a thing is situated or is developed.
2) Computers: The entire set of conditions under which one operates a → computer, as it relates to the hardware, operating platform, or operating system.
3) Ecology: The totality of circumstances surrounding an → organism or group of organisms. More specifically, the combination of external physical conditions that affect and influence the growth, development, and survival of organisms.

From environ + -ment; the first component from Fr. environs, plural of O.Fr. environ "compass, circuit," from environ (adv.) "around," from en- "in" + viron "circle, circuit," from virer "to turn."

Pargir, from par- "around, surrounding," variant pirâ-circum- + gir agent noun and present stem of gereftan "to take, seize; to make prisoner; to intercept" (Mid.Pers. griftan; Av./O.Pers. grab- "to take, seize;" cf. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha "seizing, holding, perceiving;" M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab; E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;" PIE base *ghrebh- "to seize").
Zistbum, from zist "life, existence," → bio-, + bum "region, land, place," → eco-.

epact
  بر افزا   
barafzâ

Fr.: épacte   

1) The time that must be added to the lunar year (12 lunations) to make it coincide with the solar year (about 11 days).
2) The moon's age at the beginning of the calendar year.

From Fr. épacte, from L. epacta, from Gk. epaktos, verbal adj. of epagein "to intercalate, add, bring forward," from epi "on" + ag-, from agein "to bring, to lead;" cf. L. agere "to drive, set in motion," → act.

Barafzâ, from bar- "on, upon, up" (Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over") + afzâ, afzudan "to add, increase" (Mid.Pers. abzudan "to increase, grow;" O.Pers. abijav- "to increase, add to, promote," from abi-, aiby- "in addition to; to; against" + root jav- "to press forward;" Av. gav- "to hasten, drive;" Sk. jav- "to press forward, impel quickly, excite," javate "hastens").

epagomena
  اندرگاه، تروفته، دزدیده   
andargâh (#), tarufté (#), dozdidé (#)

Fr.: épagomène   

In Old Iranian and Egyptian calendars and much later in the → French Republican Calendar, one of five (or six) days placed between the 30th of the last month and the first day of the new year to result in a fixed year of 365 (366) days every year; plural epagomenae. Same as → epagomenal day. See also → sansculottide.

From Gk. epagomenos "added," from epagein "to add, to intercalate," from → epi- "on" + agein "to bring, to lead," → act.

Andargâh "intercalary," literally "time between," from andar "between, among," → inter-, + gâh "time;" Mid.Pers. gâh; O.Pers. gāθu-; Av. gātav-, gātu- "place, throne, spot" (Skt. gátu- "going, motion; free space for moving; place of abode;" PIE *gwem- "to go, come").
Tarufté "intercalary," literally "stolen (day);" Mid.Pers. truftag, from taruftan "to steal," traft "stolen;" Mod.Pers. Lârestâni dialect toftak "spy;" Av. tarəp- "to steal," tarəfiiāt- "he would steal;" cf. Skt. tarp- "to steal, rob," paśu.trp- "stealing cattle."
Dozdidé "intercalary," literally "stolen (day)," p.p. of dozdidan "to steal," Mid.Pers. duz(d)itan, from duzd "thief," from Av. duždāo- "miscreant, villain."

epagomenal day
  روز ِ اندرگاه، ~ تروفته، ~ دزدیده   
ruz-e andargâh (#), ~ tarufté (#), ~ dozidé (#)

Fr.: jour épagomène   

Same as → epagomena.

epagomena + → -al; → day.

ephemeris
  روزیج   
ruzij

Fr.: éphéméride   

A table of computed positions occupied by a celestial body over successive intervals of time such as daily; plural ephemerides.

From L. ephemeris "day book, diary," from Gk. ephemeris "diary, account book," from ephemeros "short-lived, lasting but a day," from → epi "on, upon" + hemerai, dative of hemera "day."

Ruzij, from ruz, → day + zij "astronomical table," from Mid.Pers. zig "astronomical table," originally "string," since the lines of a table were compared to strings used on a weaver's instrument, variant zih, meaning "cord, string" (Modern Persian zeh "cord, string"); Av. jiiā- "bow-string;" cf. Skt. jiyā- "bow-string;" PIE base *gwhi- "thread, tendon" (from which derive also Gk. bios "bow;" L. filum "thread;" Russ. žca "thread").

ephemeris day
  روز ِ روزیجی   
ruz-e ruziji

Fr.: jour des éphémérides   

86,400 → ephemeris seconds.

ephemeris; → day.

<< < -en ear eav ecl Edd eff Ein eje ele ele ele ele ell emb emi Enc ene ens eph EPR equ equ eru eth Eul eve evo exc exc exi exo exp exp ext ext > >>