An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 696
exposure meter
  اسنهش-سنج، نورداد-سنج   
osneheš-sanj, nurdâd-sanj

Fr.: posemètre   

In photography, an instrument used to measure the intensity of light from a scene to be photographed and to indicate the camera lens and shutter settings required to expose the film correctly.

exposure; → meter.

exposure time
  زمان ِ اسنهش، ~ نورداد   
zamân-e osneheš, ~ nurdâd

Fr.: temps de pose   

The length of time during which the receiver is irradiated.

exposure; → time.

express
  زهاویدن   
zohâvidan

Fr.: exprimer   

1) To transform ideas into words; utter or state.
2) Math: To → transform into equivalent → terms. For example by → expanding or → factorizing an → expression. See also → suppress, → impress.

M.E. expressen, O.Fr. espresser "to press, squeeze out; speak one's mind," M.L. expressare, frequentative of exprimere "represent, describe," literally "to press out," from → ex- "out" + pressare "to press, push," from L. premere "to press, hold fast, cover, compress."

Zohâvidan, from zo- variant of os- "out," → ex-, + hâv, from Av. hau- "to press, squeeze out;" cf. Mid.Pers. hunîdan "to express, extract (juice)," hâwan "mortar;" akin to Skt. sav- "to press, press out;" O.H.G. sou, O.E. sēaw "juice;" + -idan infinitive suffix.

expression
  زهاوش   
zohâveš

Fr.: expression   

1) The act or an instance of expressing.
2) Math.: A statement using mathematical quantities such as → scalars, → variables, → parameters, → functions, and → sets, as well as → relational and → logical  → operators such as → equality, → conjunction, → existence, → union, etc. (Steven. G. Krantz, ed., Dictionary of Algebra, Arithmetic, and Trigonometry, 2001).

express; → -tion.

extend
  استنیدن   
ostanidan (#)

Fr.: étendre   

To stretch out; draw out to the full length; to enlarge the scope of; to increase the length or duration of.

From O.Fr. estendre, from L. extendere "stretch out," from → ex- "out" + tendere "to stretch," see below.

Ostanidan, from os-, → ex- + tanidan as in Av. ustāna- "stretched out" (ustāna-zasta- "with outstretched hands"), cf. Skt. uttāná- "stretched out, spread out." Mod.Pers. tanidan "to spin, twist, weave;" Mid.Pers. tanitan, from Av. tan- to stretch, extend;" cf. Skt. tan- to stretch, extend," tanoti "stretches," tantram "loom;" Gk. teinein "to stretch, pull tight;" L. tendere "to stretch;" PIE base *ten- "to stretch."

extended object
  بر‌آخت ِ استنیده   
barâxt-e ostanidé

Fr.: objet étendu   

An object whose angular size exceeds the resolution of the instrument used to observe it.

extended; → object.

extended source
  خن ِ استنیده   
xan-e ostanidé

Fr.: source étendue   

In radio astronomy, a source whose angular extent could be measured, as distinguished from a point source.

extended; → source.

extension
  استنش   
ostaneš (#)

Fr.: extension   

1) An act or instance of extending; the state of being extended.
2) Physics: That property of a body by which it occupies space.
3) Math.: A field F is said to be an extension of a field K if K is a subfield of F.
4) Logic: The sum of all individuals or objects to which the comprehension of a term is applied. For example, the extension of the term "dog" is the set of all (past, present and future) dogs in the world.

Verbal noun of → extend.

extent
  استنه   
ostane

Fr.: étendu   

The range over which a thing extends; length, area, volume, or scope.

extension.

exterior
  ۱) برونی؛ ۲) برون   
1) boruni (#); 2) borun (#)

Fr.: extérieur   

1) Outer; being on the outer side; situated or being outside, which is outside.
2) Outside; an exterior part or surface.

From L. exterior "outward, outer, exterior," comparative of exterus "on the outside, outward, outer, foreign," itself a comparative of → ex- "out of."

Boruni, from borun, variant of birun "out, the outside," → out.

exterior angle
  زاویه‌ی ِ برونی   
zâviye-ye boruni

Fr.: angle extérieur   

1) Any of the four angles that do not include a region of the space between two lines intersected by a third straight line (→ transversal).
2) The angle between any side and an extension of an adjacent side of a polygon.

exterior; → angle.

external
  بیرونی   
biruni (#)

Fr.: externe   

Of or pertaining to the outside or outer part.

M.E., from M.Fr. externe or directly from L. externus "outside, outward," from exterus, a comparative of → ex-, + → -al.

Biruni, adj. from birun "out, the outside," → out.

external photoelectric effect
  اسکر ِ شید-برقی ِ برونی   
oskar-e šid-barqi-ye boruni

Fr.: effet photoélectrique externe   

The → photoelectric effect in solids where free electrons are emitted from the surface of a substance (e.g., → semiconductor) when radiation of appropriate frequency falls on it. Also called → photoemissive effect.

external; → photoelectric; → effect.

external work
  کار ِ بیرونی   
kâr-e biruni

Fr.: travail externe   

The work done by a thermodynamic system as it expands against its surrounding environment. It is equal to ∫pdV, where p is the applied external pressure and V the volume, integrated from the initial V1 to final V2.

external; → work.

externalization
  برونش   
boruneš

Fr.: extériorisation   

Verbal noun of → externalize.

externalize + → -tion.

externalize
  برونیدن   
borunidan

Fr.: intériorisation   

1) To make external; embody in an outward form.
2) To regard or treat as being caused by externals; attribute to external causes (Dictionary.com).

external + → -ize.

extinction
  خاموشی   
xâmuši (#)

Fr.: extinction   

1) Dimming of light by an intervening medium (the Earth's atmosphere or the interstellar medium). It is usually due to both scattering and absorption.
2) Paleontology: The act or process of dying out or coming to an end, becoming extinct: the extinction of a species; → mass extinction.

Noun of extinct, from L. extinctus, p.p. of extinguere "to quench, wipe out," from → ex- "out" + stinguere "to quench," from PIE base *steig- "to prick, stick, pierce;" cf. Mod.Pers. tiz, tež, tig, tej, tij, tiq "sharp;" Av. tiγra- "pointed," tiγray- "arrow;" → deblur.

Xâmuši, noun of xâmuš "extinguished; silent," Mid.Pers. xâmôš "silent;" cf. Skt. amrs- "to bear patiently."

extinction coefficient
  همگر ِ خاموشی   
hamgar-e xâmuši

Fr.: coefficient d'extinction   

Gradient of apparent magnitude with air mass.

extinction; → coefficient.

extinction correction
  ارشایش ِ خاموشی   
aršâyeš-e xâmuši

Fr.: correction d'extinction   

In → photometric calibration, the correction for energy loss undergone by radiation due to the → atmospheric extinction. Extinction correction is done using → standard stars observed at different → airmasses.

extinction; → correction.

extinction curve
  خم ِ خاموشی   
xam-e xâmuši

Fr.: courbe de l'extinction interstellaire   

A graph representing the variation of the → interstellar extinction against → wavelength. Usually it displays the → normalized values of extinction as a function of (the → inverse) of the wavelength (in → microns). See, e.g., Sandage & Mathis, 1979, Ann. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 17, 73.

extinction; → curve.

<< < -en ear eav ecl Edd eff Ein eje ele ele ele ele ell emb emi Enc ene ens eph EPR equ equ eru eth Eul eve evo exc exc exi exo exp exp ext ext > >>