term ترم tarm Fr.: terme A word or group of words that has a precise meaning and expresses a definite idea,
used in a particular science, art, or profession. See also
→ terminology; → determine.
Math.: In an expression, a number or a letter standing alone;
or a combination of such representing a unit, e.g.: a, b, 5, 4ab, 3a/b.
Physics: A set of atomic states having a definite
→ configuration and → spin and
→ orbital angular momentum
→ quantum numbers.
In the → LS coupling
scheme, the entity 2S+1LJ,
in which 2S+1 is called the
→ multiplicity of the term.
Logic: The → subject or
→ predicate of a
→ categorical proposition. See also
→ syllogism.
In → first-order logic, an
→ individual constant,
→ individual variable, or
→ function.
Etymology (EN): M.E. terme, from O.Fr., from L. terminus “boundary, limit, end;
boundary stone or marker,” variant termen “boundary, end;” cognate with Gk. termon
“limit, boundary;”
Skt. tarman “the top of the sacrificial (usually tripod) post; passage;”
Irish tearmann “a refuge, sanctuary, asylum;”
this Irish word would point to the sacredness of the sacrificial post in primitive IE
customs; Hittite tarma- “peg, plug, nail;”
PIE base *ter- “to cross;” cf. Pers. tarm, târem,
tarâ-, Av. tar- “to cross over,” as below. Etymology (PE): Tarm, variant târem “boundary, limit,” more specifically
“a wooden palisade to exclude people from a garden,” also
“a wooden building of a circular form with an
arched roof” (cf. Irish tearmann, as above),
Tabari talm “pole, stick” (that marks a boundary),
Tâleši/Tâti talmi “pole, stick,” Garkâni taram “lever,”
Lori, Laki tarm “poles fastened together in order to carry a
corpse to the village cemetery;”
O.Pers./Av. tar- “to cross over,” O.Pers.
vi-tar- “to go across,” Mid.Pers. vitartan “to pass,” Mod.Pers.
gozar, gozaštan “to pass, cross;”
cf. Skt. tarman “the top of the sacrificial post; passage,”
tar- “to pass (through), overcome,”
tárati “crosses, passes,” tirás “through, across, beyond;”
see also
→ trans-. |
