An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 3106 Search : on
similarity transformation
  ترادیسش ِ همانندی   
tarâdiseš-e hamânandi

Fr.: transformation de similarité   

1) A transformation that preserves angles and changes all distances in the same ratio.
2) A transformation of the form B = X-1AX relating two → square matrices A and B.

similarity; → transformation.

simple fraction
  برخه‌ی ِ ساده   
barxe-ye sâdé

Fr.: fraction simple   

A fraction in which the → numerator and → denominator are positive → integer numbers. Compare → compound fraction.

simple; → fraction.

simple harmonic motion
  جنبش ِ هماهنگ ِ ساده   
jonbeš-e hamâhang-e sâdé

Fr.: mouvement harmonique   

The motion of a body subjected to a restraining force which is directly proportional to the displacement from a fixed point in the line of motion. The equation of simple harmonic motion is given by x = A sin(ωt + θ0), where x is the body's displacement from equilibrium position, A is the → amplitude, or the magnitude of harmonic oscillations, ω is the → angular frequency, t is the time elapsed, and θ0 is the → initial phase angle.

simple; → harmonic; → motion.

simple harmonic oscillator
  نوشگر ِ هماهنگ ِ ساده   
navešgar-e hamâhang-e sâdé

Fr.: oscillateur harmonique simple   

An oscillator whose force is proportional to its extension, according to → Hooke's law. The way the oscillator moves is called → simple harmonic motion.

simple; → harmonic; → oscillator.

simple population
  پرینش ِ ساده   
porineš-e sâdé

Fr.: population simple   

A set of stars resulting from a spatially (≤ few pc) and temporally (≤ Myr) correlated star formation event.

simple; → population.

simplification
  ساده‌کرد، ساده‌شد   
sâde-kard, sâde-šod

Fr.: simplification   

The act of simplifying, or the fact of being simplified.

Verbal noun of → simplify.

simulation
  مانندش، همانندسازی   
mânandeš, hamânand sâzi

Fr.: simulation   

The construction of a mathematical model to reproduce the characteristics of a phenomenon, system, or process, often using a computer, in order to infer information or solve problems.

Verbal noun of → simulate.

single-dish observation
  نپاهش ِ تک-جام   
nepâhešè-e tak-jâm

Fr.: observation avec antenne uinique   

A radio astronomical observation which uses only one antenna, in contrast to interferometric observations.

single; → dish; → observation.

singly ionized atom
  اتم ِ یکبار یونیده   
atom-e yekbâr yonidé

Fr.: atome une fois ionisé   

An atom that has lost one electron and has become a positive ion.

single; → ionized; → atom.

singly ionized carbon
  کربون ِ یکبار یونیده   

Fr.: carbone une fois ionié   

A carbon atom → singly ionized by a photon of energy 11.3 eV. The ion C+ emits a → fine-structure line (2P3/22P1/2) at 157.7 μm when excitation conditions are satisfied (critical density ~ 3 x 103 cm-3). In → photodissociation regions, [C II] 157.7 μm is a major cooling line for regions exposed to significant → far ultraviolet (FUV) photon fluxes. In Galactic → H II regions, as well as in the central regions of external galaxies, the luminosity of the [C II] line is typically ~ 0.05-0.5% of the FUV luminosity and correlates well with → carbon monoxide (CO) line intensities.

single; → ionized; → carbon.

singular solution
  لویش ِ تکین   
luyeš-e takin

Fr.: solution singulière, ~ particulière   

Of partial differential equations, the solution which cannot be obtained from the general solution by particular choice of arbitrary functions. → general solution; → particular solution.

singular; → solution.

siphon
  سیفون   
sifon (#)

Fr.: siphon   

A ∩-shaped tube with unequal arms that is used to move a liquid from one level to a lower level via a third level higher than either. Once the short arm is filled, for example, by suction, the liquid flows down in the long arm under the action of gravity due to mass excess in it.

From Fr. siphon, from L. sipho (genitive siphonis), from Gk. siphon "pipe, tube," of unknown origin.

site selection
  گزینش ِ سیت   
gozineš-e sit

Fr.: sélection de site   

The process of choosing a site for an astronomical observatory based on meteorology, seeing conditions, and access to the site.

site; → selection.

situation
  سیتش   
siteš

Fr.: situation   

1) The manner of being placed with respect to surroundings.
2) Momentary state; a set of circumstances.

Verbal noun of → situate.

sky subtraction
  زیرکرشش ِ آسمان   
zirkaršeš-e âsmân

Fr.: soustraction de ciel   

The act or instance of removing the contribution of non-related, intervening foreground light to the object.

sky; → subtraction.

slepton
  اسلپتون   
slepton

Fr.: slepton   

In → supersymmetry theories, a hypothetical → boson super-partner of a → lepton. See also → squark

s from → supersymmetry; → lepton.

slow neutron
  نوترون ِ آهسته   
notron-e âhesté (#)

Fr.: neutron lent   

A neutron whose kinetic energy does not exceed about 10 electron-volts. Also called → thermal neutron.

slow; → neutron.

SMASS classification
  رده‌بندی ِ SMASS   
radebandi-ye SMASS

Fr.: classification SMASS   

An asteroid taxonomy built on the → Tholen classification but based on the presence or absence of → absorption features in the visible part of the spectrum. In many cases the two classifications are the same, but the Tholen C and S classes are subdivided in the SMASS classification.

SMASS stands for the Small Main-belt Asteroid Spectroscopic Survey, → small; → main belt; → asteroid; → spectroscopic; → survey; → classification.

Sobolev approximation
  نزدینش ِ سوبولف   
nazdineš-e Sobolev

Fr.: approximation de Sobolev   

A method allowing for a simplified solution to the → radiative transfer equation at frequencies of spectral lines in media moving with a high velocity gradient. This method assumes that the macroscopic velocity gradients are more important than local random variations of thermal line width: dv/dr > vth/l, where dv/dr is the velocity gradient, vth is the thermal broadening of the line, and l the length scale. The Sobolev approximation is only valid if the conditions of the gas do not change over the → Sobolev length. Under the Sobolev approximation, each point in the medium is isolated from other points, and the → radiative transfer problem becomes a local one and therefore much easier to solve.

Named after the Russian astronomer Viktor Viktorovich Sobolev, Moving Envelopes of Stars [in Russian], Leningr. Gos. Univ., Leningrad (1947) [translated by S. Gaposchkin, Harvard Univ. Press, Cambridge, Mass. (1960)]; → approximation.

socialization
  هزانش   
hazâneš

Fr.: socialisation   

A continuing process whereby an individual acquires a personal identity and learns the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to his or her social position (Dictionary.com).

socialize; → -tion.


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