An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

Same as → conservation of mass.

→ conservation; → matter.

A fundamental law of physics which states that the momentum of a → physical system does not change in the course of time if there are no external forces acting on the system. It is embodied in → Newton's first law. This principle shows that the interaction of bodies composing a → closed system leads only to an exchange in momentum between the bodies but does not affect the motion of the system as a whole. More specifically, interactions between the composing bodies do not change the velocity of the system's → center of mass.

→ conservation; → momentum.

A principle according to which the sum of probabilities of all possible states that might come out of an initial state equals the probability of the initial state.

→ conservation; → probability.

The disposition, or political philosophy, to preserve the existing or traditional order and oppose radical change.

→ conservative; → -ism.

1) Physics: Of or pertaining to a law of → conservation.
2) Opposed to change and innovation and disposed to keep existing values.
3) Of or relating to a philosophy of → conservatism.
4) An adherent or advocate of political conservatism.

M.Fr. conservatif, from L.L. conservativus, from L. conservatus, p.p. of conservare, → conserve.

Pâyešmand, from pâyeš, → conservation, + -mand possession suffix, → -ist.

A → field of → force in which the → work done in taking a particle from one point to another is independent of the → path taken between them. Examples are → electrostatic field and → gravitational field.

→ conservative; → field.

A system in which there is no dissipation of energy so that the total energy remains unchanged with time.

→ conservative→ system.

The condition or quality of being → conservative.

→ conservative; → -ness.

1a) General: To keep or protect from harm, decay, or destruction.
1b) Physics, chemistry: To maintain a quantity constant during an interaction or process of evolutionary change. → conservation law.
1c) To preserve (fruit) by cooking with sugar.
2) Fruit preserved by cooking with sugar.

M.E., from O.Fr. conserver, from L. conservare "to keep, preserve, guard," from → com- + servare "keep, watch, maintain," → observe.

Patâyândan, transitive of Mid.Pers. patâyidan "to endure, remain, continue," ultimately from Proto-Ir *pati-tauH-, from base *tauH- "to be able, strong;" cf. Av. tauu- "to be able, strong," O.Pers. tav- "to be strong," Pers. tavân "power," tavânestan "to be able," Skt. tav^i- "to be strong;" Gk. saos "healthy;" PIE *tuH- "to swell, be strong" (Cheung 2007).

A → quantity that remains → constant when its corresponding → physical system undergoes a → transformation.

→ conserve→ quantity.

To think carefully about, especially in order to make a decision; contemplate; reflect on (dictionary.com).

M.E. consideren, from O.Fr. considerer "reflect on, study," from L. considerare "to examine, look at closely," literally "to observe the stars," from → com- "with" + sider (stem of sidus) "star, group of stars," → sideral.

Âgâridan, from intensive prefix â- + gâr-, variants gar-, gâl- "to consider, observe," as in engâridan "to suppose," negaristan "to observe, look, notice," segâl "thought," segâlidan "to think, meditate," ultimately from Proto-Iranian *kar- "to observe, to consider;" cf. Av. kar- "to remember; to impress on memory;" Skt. kal- "to observe, consider," kalayati "considers, observes."

1) Rather large or great in size, distance, extent, etc.
2) Worthy of respect, attention, etc.; important; distinguished (dictionary.com).

→ consider; → -able.

The act or an instance of considering.

→ consider; → -tion.

1) (followed by of) To be composed (of); be formed (of).
2) (followed by: in or of) To have its existence (in); lie (in); be expressed (by).
3) To be compatible or consistent; accord (TheFreeDictionary.com).

M.E., from M.Fr. consister, from L. consistere "to stand firm, take a standing position, halt," from → com- "with, together" + sistere "to place," causative of stare "to stand, be standing," cognate with Pers. ist-/istâdan.

Hânesidan, literally "to put together," from prefix hâ-, → com-, + nesidan "to put, place," variant of nehidan, nehâdan "to put, place," → position.

1) Agreement or accordance with facts, form, or characteristics previously shown or stated.
2) Agreement or harmony between parts of something complex; compatibility.
3) Physics: Degree of → viscosity or firmness.
4) The state or quality of holding or sticking together and retaining shape.
5) Conformity with previous attitudes, behaviour, practice, etc. (TheFreeDictionary.com).

→ consist; → -ency.

1) Showing consistency; not self-contradictory.
2) In agreement or harmony (with); accordant.
3a) Maths.: The quality of an equation if it has a solution.
3b) Maths.: (of a set of equations) Satisfied by at least one solution.
4) Logic: (of a formal system) Not permitting the deduction of a contradiction from the axioms (TheFreeDictionary.com).

→ consist; → -ent.

Hânesgâr, from hânes- present stem of hânesidan, → consist, + -gâr agect noun suffix (on the model of sâzgâr), → -or.

In general, a speech sound in whose production the flow of air is obstructed at some point in the mouth, throat, or larynx, at least sufficiently to cause audible friction. A speech sound other than a → vowel.

M.E., from L. consonant-, consonans "sounding with," p.p. of consonare  "to sound together, agree," from → com- "together," +  sonare "to sound;" originally a sound that had to be accompanied by a vowel.

Hamâvâ, literally "sounding with," from ham-, → com-, + âvâ, → phone.

Easily seen or noticed; readily → visible or → observable (Dictionary.com).

From L. conspicuus "visible, open to view," from conspicere "to look at, observe, see, notice," from → com-, intensive prefix, + specere "to watch, look at," → spectrum.

Hoveydâ "conspicuous, manifest, evident," variant vidâ, probably related to Av. hu-vaēiδiia- "good knowledge, well-known," from hu- "good, well," → eu-, + vaēiδiia- "knowlege, known."

A quantity that does not change during a particular process.

L. constantem "standing firm, stable," pr.p. of constare, from → com- "together" + stare "to stand;" PIE base *sta- "to stand;" cf. O.Pers./Av. sta- "to stand, stand still; set," Pers. istâdan "to stand," Skt. sthâ- "to stand," Gk. histemi "put, place, weigh," stasis "a standing still,"

pâyâ verbal adj./noun from pâyidan "to stand firm, to be constant, steady, fixed," Mid.Pers. pâyitan, pâtan, pây- "to protect; wait, stand," Sogdian p'y "to protect, watch over," O.Pers./Av. pâ(y)- "to protect, keep" pâtar- "protector, watcher," cf. Skt. pâ- "to protect, keep," pâti "protects," Gk. poimen "shepherd," poma "lid, cover," L. pastor "shepherd," panis "bread;" PIE base *pa- "to protect, guard, pasture, feed."

The maximum amount of the apparent yearly displacement of a star, resulting from the → aberration of starlight. The value of the constant of aberration, κ, at J2000.0 is 20".49552. κ = (v/c) csc 1", where v is the average speed of the Earth about the Sun and c is the → speed of light in vacuum. The Earth's speed is given by: v = 2πa / [P(1 - e²)^1/2], where a is the → semi-major axis of the Earth's orbit, e is the → eccentricity of the Earth's orbit, and P is the → sidereal period of the Earth. Same as → constant of annual aberration. See also → constant of diurnal aberration.

→ constant; → aberration.