An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 3106 Search : on
finite population
  پرینش ِ کرانمند   
porineš-e karânmand

Fr.: population finie   

A → statistical population consisting of individuals or items which are finite in number.

finite; → population.

first approximation
  نزدین ِ نخست   
nazdin-e naxost

Fr.: première approximation   

1) Generally, an expression to indicate that a comment or result is only approximate.
2) Math.: In calculus, limiting a differential equation to its → first derivative, for example: ex≅ 1 + x. Also called → linear approximation.

first; → approximation.

first contact
  پرماس ِ نخست   
parmâs-e naxost

Fr.: premier contact   

1) The beginning of a → solar eclipse when the eastern part of the lunar limb touches the western limb of the Sun, marking the beginning of an eclipse.
2) For a → lunar eclipse, the moment when the eastern limb of the Moon is the first to enter the Earth's shadow.

first; → contact.

first degree equation
  هموگش ِ درجه‌ی ِ یکم   
hamugeš-e daraje-ye yekom

Fr.: équiation du premier degré   

A equation in which the highest → exponent of the → variable is 1. Same as → linear equation.

first; → degree; → equation.

first-order differential equation
  هموگش ِ دگرسانه‌ای ِ رایه‌ی ِ نخست   
hamugeš-e degarsâne-yi-ye râye-ye naxost

Fr.: équation différentielle du premier ordre   

A → differential equation containing only the first → derivative. For example, dy/dx = 3x and 2y(dy/dx) + 3x = 5.

first; → order; → differential; → equation.

fission
  شکافت   
šekâft (#)

Fr.: fission   

1) The act or process of splitting or breaking into parts.
2) Splitting of the nucleus of an atom into two or more fragments of comparable size, usually as the result of the impact of a neutron on the nucleus. Same as → nuclear fission.

Fission, from L. fissionem "a breaking up, cleaving," from root of findere "to split."

Šekâft, stem of šekâftan "to split, break, tear," akin to kaftan, kâftan "to split; to dig," Parthian Mid.Pers. q'f- "to split;" Sogdian "to split;" Chorasmian kf- "to split, be split;" Proto-Iranian *kap-, *kaf- "to split."

fission products
  فر‌آورده‌های ِ شکافت   
farâvardehâ-ye šekâft (#)

Fr.: produits de fission   

Nuclides generated by the fission of higher mass elements or by subsequent radioactive decay of nuclides directly generated by fission.

fission; → product.

fission theory
  نگره‌ی ِ شکافت   
negare-ye šekâft

Fr.: théorie de fission   

A theory that suggests the Moon was formed at the same time as Earth. A spinning Earth ejected a large piece of its material into space which then developed into the shape and orbit of the Moon. This event was also thought to be at the origin of the Pacific Ocean. This first modern idea about the formation of the Moon is due to George Darwin, the son of the great naturalist Charles Darwin. The fission theory explained the lack of volatile substances on the Earth. The volatile materials on the Earth would have been thrown out into space The fission theory is almost completely abandoned today. The analysis of lunar rocks brought to Earth by NASA astronauts showed that the Moon rocks are older than the rocks at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. Moreover, modern → plate tectonics gives a better explanation of the origin of the Pacific Ocean. See also → giant impact hypothesis, → capture theory, → co-formation theory.

fission; → theory.

fissionable
  شکافت‌پذیر   
šekâftpazir (#)

Fr.: fissile   

The material that can be fissioned by fast neutrons, such as uranium-238. Commonly used as a synonym for → fissile material.

From → fission + → -able.

fixation
  برجایش   
barjâyeš

Fr.: fixation   

The act of fixing or the state of being fixed.

Verbal noun of → fix; → -tion.

Flamsteed designation
  نامگزینی ِ فلمستید   
nâmgozini-ye Flamsteed

Fr.: designation de Flamsteed   

A stellar designation system in which each star is assigned a number followed by the Latin genitive of its corresponding → constellation, such as → 61 Cygni and 82 Eridani. Compare with the → Bayer designation.

Named after John Flamsteed (1646-1719), founder of the Greenwich Observatory, and the first astronomer royal of England, who introduced this system in his catalog Historia Coelestis Britannica (1725); → designation.

flat rotation curve
  خم ِ چرخش ِ تخت   
xam-e carxeš-e taxt

Fr.: courbe de rotation plate   

A galactic → rotation curve in which the → rotation velocity is constant in the outer parts. The flat component is preceded by a rising curve that shows solid body rotation in the very center of the → galaxy. A flat rotation curve implies that the mass is still increasing linearly with radius. See also → dark matter.

flat; → rotation; → curve.

flexion
  چفتش   
cafteš

Fr.:   

1) The act of bending, the state of being bent.
2) The position that a limb assumes when it is bent.

flex; → -tion.

flotation
  شناوری   
šenâvari (#)

Fr.: flottation   

1) The act or state of remaining on the surface of a liquid. → buoyancy.
2) The process of separating different materials, especially minerals, by agitating a pulverized mixture of the materials with water, oil, and chemicals based on their tendency to sink in, or float on.

From float, from M.E. floten,  O.E. flotian (cf. O.N. flota, M.Du. vloten), akin to fleet + -ation.

Šenâvari "flotation," from šenâvar "that swims, floats," from šenâ "swimming;" Mid.Pers. šnâz "swim," šnâzidan "to swim;" Av. snā- "to wash, swim;" cf. Skt. snā- "to bathe, to wash;" L. nare, natare "to swim" (Fr. nage, nager, natation; Sp.nadar, natacion).

fluctuation
  افتاخیز   
oftâxiz (#)

Fr.: fluctuation   

Continual rise and fall.

Verbal noun of → fluctuate.

Oftâxiz "fall and rise," from oft "fall" stem of oftâdan "to fall" (Mid.Pers. opastan "to fall," patet "falls;" Av. pat- " to fly, fall, rush," patarəta- "winged;" cf. Skt. patati "he flies, falls," pátra- "wing, feather, leaf;" Gk. piptein "to fall," pterux "wing;" L. penna "feather, wing;" O.E. feðer "feather;" PIE base *pet- "to fly, rush") + -â- interfix + xiz present stem of xâstan, xizidan "to rise, get up" (Mid.Pers. xyz- "to stand up, rise;" Proto-Iranian *xiz- "to rise, ascend; increase").

flux calibration
  کبیزش ِ شار   
kabizeš-e šârr

Fr.: calibration de flux   

The → calibration of the flux received by a detector in terms of absolute units.

flux; → calibration.

fluxion
  فلوکسیون   
fluksion

Fr.: fluxion   

In Newton's work on → calculus, the rate of change of a fluent (i.e. a flowing quantity), today commonly known as → variable. For a fluent x, the fluxion is denoted dx/dt. An obsolete mathematical term.

From L. → fluxion-, stem of fluere "to flow," → flux.

Fokker-Planck equation
  هموگش ِ فوکر-پلانک   
hamugeš-e Fokker-Planck

Fr.: équation de Fokker-Planck   

A modified form of → Boltzmann's equation allowing for collision terms in an approximate way. It describes the rate of change of a particle's velocity as a result of small-angle collisional deflections.

After Dutch physicist Adriaan Fokker (1887-1972) and the German physicist Max Planck (1858-1947); → equation.

follow-up observation
  نپاهش ِ پیگیر   
nepâheš-e peygir

Fr.:   

An observation which expands previous observations and aims at obtaining complementary data in particular with other telescopes/instruments.

Follow-up, from follow, from O.E. folgian, fylgan "to follow, pursue," from W.Gmc. *fulg- (cf. O.Fris. folgia, M.Du. volghen, Ger. folgen "to follow") + up, O.E. up, uppe (cf. Du. op, Ger. auf "up, upward"), from PIE base *upo "up from below;" cf. O.Pers./Av. upā; Skt. úpa; Gk. hypo; L. sub, → hypo-; → observation.

Nepâheš, → observation; peygir, from pey "after; step," related to "foot, step, track," → foot, + gir present stem of gereftan "to take, seize" (Mid.Pers. griftan, Av./O.Pers. grab- "to take, seize," cf. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha "seizing, holding, perceiving," M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab, E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;" PIE base *ghrebh- "to seize").

font
  ریختار، فونت   
rixtâr (#), font

Fr.: police, fonte   

An assortment or set of type or characters all of one style and sometimes one size (Merriam-Webster.com).

From M.Fr. fonte "act of founding, casting," from fondre "to melt," so called because all the letters in a given set were cast at the same time (etymonline.com).

Rixtâr, from rixtan "to cast, to pour," → morphology.


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