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subtractive color rang-e zirkaršeši Fr.: synthèse soustractive Color produced by mixing pigments rather than light. Mixing all of the subtractive colors together results in the color black. See also → additive color. → subtractive; → color. |
subtype zir-guné Fr.: sous-type A special type being part of a more general type, e.g. subtype 2 among G type stars. → subclass. |
succeed kâmyâbidan Fr.: réussir 1) To happen or terminate according to desire; turn out successfully; have the desired
result. M.E. succeden, from O.Fr. succeder "to follow on" and directly from L. succedere "come after, follow after; go near to; come under; take the place of," also "go from under, mount up, ascend," hence "get on well, prosper, be victorious," from → sub- "next to, after" + cedere "to go, move" → process. Kâmyâbidan, back formation from kâmyâbi, → success. |
success kâmyâbi (#), kâmyâft Fr.: succès 1) The favorable or prosperous termination of attempts or endeavors;
the accomplishment of one's goals. From L. successus "an advance, a coming up; a good result, happy outcome," noun use of p.p. of succedere "come after," from suc-, → sub-, + ceder "to go, move," → process. Kâmyâbi, literally "acquiring, obtaining, finding one's desire, wish," from kâm "desire, wish," → despite, + yâbi, from yâftan "to obtain, find," → interpolation. |
successful kâmyâb (#) Fr.: réussi, couronné de succès 1) Achieving or having achieved success. → success + -ful a suffix meaning "full of, characterized by." |
successive payâpey (#) Fr.: successif Following in order or in uninterrupted sequence; e.g. → method of successive approximations. M.E. from M.L. successivus, from successus, p.p. of succedere "come after, go near to," from → sub- "next to, after" + cedere "to go, move." Peyâpey "successive," from pey "after; step," related to pâ "foot" (Mid.Pers. pâd, pây, Av. pad-, Skt. pat, Gk. pos, gen. podos, L. pes, gen. pedis, P.Gmc. *fot, E. foot, Ger. Fuss, Fr. pied; PIE *pod-/*ped-) + -â- epenthetic vowel + pey, as explained. |
sucrose sukroz (#) Fr.: sucrose The table sugar with chemical formula C12H22O11, which is a particular type of → sugar compounds. From → sugar + -ose a suffix borrowed from L. denoting "full of, given to." |
sufficiency basandegi (#) Fr.: suffisance 1) The state or fact of being sufficient. → sufficient + -cy a suffix used to form abstract nouns. |
sufficient basandé (#) Fr.: suffisant 1) Adequate for the purpose; enough. M.E., from O.Fr. sufficient, from L. sufficiens, pr.p. of sufficere "supply, suffice," from sub "up to," → sub-, + root of facere "to make," → fact. Basandé "sufficient, complete, worthy," from *basidan, from bas "many, much," → multi-. |
suffix pasvand (#) Fr.: suffixe An → affix that follows the base to which it is added. N.L. from suffixus, p.p. of suffigere "to attach on top of," from suf-, variant of → sub- + figere "fasten." Pasvand, from pas- "after, behind," → back-, + vand, → affix. |
sugar šekar (#) Fr.: sucre 1) A family of simple, often sweet, compounds consisting of
→ carbon, → hydrogen, and
→ oxygen obtained particularly from sugarcane and sugar beets.
The sugar family includes glucose, sucrose, lactose, fructose, maltose, lactose,
and galactose.
Sugar molecules have been detected in
→ interstellar medium
→ molecular clouds. M.E. sugre, sucre, from O.Fr. sucre, from M.L. succarum, from Ar. sukkar, from Pers. shakar, from Skt. šárkarā- "ground or candied sugar," originally "grit, gravel." Šekar, Mid.Pers. šakar, ultimately from Skt. šárkarā-, as above. |
suggest pišnehâdan (#), pišnehâd kardan (#) Fr.: suggérer To mention or introduce (an idea, proposition, plan, etc.) for consideration or possible action: The architect suggested that the building be restored (Dictionary.com). From L. suggestus, p.p. of suggerere "to bring under, bring up, lay beneath; afford, supply," from → sub- + gerere "to bring, carry," of unknown origin. From pišnehâd, from piš "before," → pre-, + nehâd, past stem of nehâdan "to place, put," → position. |
suggestion pišnehâd (#) Fr.: suggestion 1) The act of suggesting. Verbal noun of → suggest. |
sulfur gugerd (#) Fr.: soufre Also sulphur, a nonmetallic chemical element; symbol S. Atomic number 16; atomic weight 32.06; melting point 112.8°C (rhombic), 119.0°C (monoclinic), about 120°C (amorphous); boiling point 444.674°C; specific gravity at 20°C, 2.07. M.E. sulphur, from L. sulpur, sulphur, sulfur "brimstone;" maybe from Skt. sulveri "eneny of copper," as copper loses all its properties when heated with sulfur. It was known from prehistoric times. In 1809, the French chemists, Louis-Joseph Gay-Lussac and Louis-Jacques Thenard proved the elemental nature of sulfur. Gugerd, from Mid.Pers. gôgird "sulfur," gôgirdômand "sulfurous." |
sum 1) fozâk; 2) fozâkidan Fr.: 1) somme; 2) sommer 1) Math.: The number or quantity that is the result of adding two or more
numbers or quantities. M.E. summe, from O.Fr. summe, from L. summa "total number, whole, essence, gist," noun use of feminine of summus "highest," superlative of superus, → super-. Fozâk, contraction of afzâk, from afzâ + -âk "noun suffix. The first component present stem of afzudan "to add, increase" (Mid.Pers. abzudan "to increase, grow;" O.Pers. abijav- "to increase, add to, promote," from abi-, aiby- "in addition to; to; against" + root jav- "press forward;" Av. gav- "to hasten, drive;" Skt. jav- "to press forward, impel quickly, excite," javate "hastens"). |
summarize fozâkvâridan Fr.: résumer To make a summary of; state or express in a concise form. |
summary fozâkvâr Fr.: résumé 1) A brief account giving the main points of something. From L. summarium "an epitome, abstract, summary," from summa "totality, gist," → sum, + → -ary. Fozâkvâr, from fozâk, → sum, + -vâr a suffix denoting suiting, befitting, resembling, in the manner of, possession. |
summer tâbestân (#) Fr.: été The season that starts when the Sun, during its apparent yearly motion, attains the celestial longitude 90 degrees in the Northern Hemisphere and 270 degrees in the Southern Hemisphere. The current length of the summer season, around the epoch 2000, is 93.65 days. M.E. sumer, from O.E. sumor (cf. O.S., O.N., O.H.G. sumar, O.Fris. sumur, M.Du. somer, Du. zomer, Ger. Sommer), from PIE base *sem- "summer; cf. Av. ham- "summer;" Mid.Pers. hāin "summer;" Skt. sámā- "half-year, season;" Arm. am "year," amarn "summer;" O.Ir. sam "summer;" O.Welsh ham "summer." From Mid.Pers. tâpistân, ultimately from Proto-Iranain *tap-stā-
"hot, heat season, time, place." The first component
*tap- "to shine, radiate;" cf. Mod.Pers.
tâbidan, variants tâftban "to shine," tafsidan
"to become hot;" Mid.Pers. tâftan
"to heat, burn, shine;" taftan "to become hot;" Parthian t'b "to shine;"
Av. tāp-, taf- "to warm up, heat," tafsat "became hot,"
tāpaiieiti "to create warmth;"
cf. Skt. tap- "to heat, be/become hot; to spoil, injure, damage; to suffer,"
tapati "burns;" L. tepere "to be warm," tepidus "warm;"
PIE base *tep- "to be warm." |
summer solstice xoristân-e tâbestâni Fr.: solstice d'été The moment in the northern hemisphere when the → Sun attains its highest → declination of 23°26' (or 23°.44) with respect the → equator plane. It happens when the Earth's axis is orientated directly toward the Sun, on 21 or 22 June. During the northern solstice the Sun appears to be directly overhead at noon for places situated at → latitude 23.44 degrees north, known as the → tropic of Cancer. The summer solstice can occur at any moment during the day. Two successive summer solstices are shifted in time by about 6 h. The summer solstice in the northern hemisphere is the → winter solstice in the southern hemisphere. |
summer triangle sebar-e tâbestâni Fr.: triangle d'été The triangular shape formed by the three bright stars → Altair, → Deneb, and → Vega on the northern hemisphere's → celestial sphere, particularly visible during the summer months. |
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