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surface temperature damâ-ye ruyé, ~ ruye-yi Fr.: température de surface 1) For a star, same as → effective temperature. → surface; → temperature. |
surface tension taeš-e ruye-yi Fr.: tension superficielle The inward → attraction of the → molecules at the → surface of a → liquid. The reason is that the molecules at the surface do not have other like molecules on all sides of them and consequently they cohere more strongly to those directly associated with them on the surface. Also called surface energy and capillary forces. |
surge boruntâz Fr.: surge Electricity: A sudden rush or burst of current or voltage. From M.Fr. sourgir "to rise, swell," from L. surgere "to rise, spring out" from → sub- "up from below" + regere "to keep straight, guide," cognate with Pers. râst, → right. Boruntâz, from borun "out, the outside," → out, + tâz present stem of tâxtan, tâzidan "to run; to hasten; to assault" (Mid.Pers. tak "assault, attack;" Av. taka- "leap, run," from tak- "to run, flow;" cf. Skt. tak- "to rush, to hurry," takti "runs;" O.Ir. tech- "to flow;" Lith. teketi "to walk, to flow;" O.C.S. tešti "to walk, to hurry;" Tokharian B cake "river;" PIE base *tekw- "to run; to flow"). |
surjection baršâneš Fr.: surjection A mapping f of a set A onto a set B in such a way that every b element of B is the image of at least one element a of A. In other words, for any element b of B, the equation f(a) = b yields at least one solution. Allso called → surjective mapping. |
surjective baršâni Fr.: surjectif Of or pertaining to a → surjection. |
surjective mapping hamtâyeš-e baršâni Fr.: application surjective Same as → surjection. → surjective; → mapping. |
survey 1, 2) bardid; 3) bardid kardan Fr.: 1, 2) relevé; 3) relever 1) General: A general or comprehensive view; a detailed inspection or
investigation. M.E. surveien, from M.Fr. surv(e)eir, surveoir "to oversee," from L. supervidere, from → super- + videre "to look;" cognate with Pers. bin present stem of didan "to see;" Mid.Pers. wyn-; O.Pers. vain- "to see;" Av. vaēn- "to see;" cf. Skt. veda "I know;" Gk. oida "I know," idein "to see;" L. videre "to see;" PIE base *weid- "to know, to see." Bardid from bar- "up; upon; on; in; into; at; forth; with; near; before; according to" (Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over") + did past stem of didan "to see" (Mid.Pers. ditan "to see, regard, catch sight of, contemplate, experience;" O.Pers. dī- "to see;" Av. dā(y)- "to see," didāti "sees;" cf. Skt. dhī- "to perceive, think, ponder; thought, reflection, meditation," dādhye; Gk. dedorka "have seen"). |
surveyor bardidgar Fr.: 1) arpenteur-géomètre 1) A person whose occupation is taking accurate measurements of land areas
in order to determine boundaries, elevations, and dimensions. |
survival barziveš Fr.: survie The act or fact of surviving, especially under adverse or unusual circumstances (Dictionary.com). |
survive barzividan Fr.: survivre To remain alive after the death of someone, the cessation of something, or the occurrence of some event; continue to live (Dictionary.com). M.E., from O.Fr. souvivre, from L. supervivere "live beyond, live longer than," from → super- "over, beyond," + vivere "to live," cognate with Gk. bios, → bio-, and Pers. zistan "to live," as below. Barzividan, from bar- "over, above," variant of abar-, → super-, + zividan, from Mid.Pers. zivastan "to live," zivik, zivandag "alive, living," Mod.Pers. zistan "to live;" cf. O.Pers./Av. gay- "to live;" Av. gaya- "life," gaeθâ- "being, world, mankind," jivya-, jva- "aliving, alive," Skt. jivah "alive, living;" Gk. bios "life;" L. vivus "living, alive," vita "life;" O.E. cwic "alive;" E. quick, Lith. gyvas "living, alive;" PIE base *gweie- "to live." |
susceptibility barxodgiri Fr.: susceptibilité State or character of being susceptible. → magnetic susceptibility M.L. susceptibilitas, from susceptibilis "capable, sustainable, susceptible," from susceptus, p.p. of suscipere "sustain, support, acknowledge," from sub "up from under" + capere "to take" ...... Barxodgiri, from bar- "up; upon; on; in; into; at; forth; with; near; before; according to" (Mid.Pers. abar; O.Pers. upariy "above; over, upon, according to;" Av. upairi "above, over," upairi.zəma- "located above the earth;" cf. Gk. hyper- "over, above;" L. super-; O.H.G. ubir "over;" PIE base *uper "over") + xod "self, own" (Mid.Pers. xwad "self; indeed;" Av. hva- "self, own") + giri vebal noun of gereftan "to take, seize, hold" (Mid.Pers. griftan, gir- "to take, hold, restrain;" O.Pers./Av. grab- "to take, seize," cf. Skt. grah-, grabh- "to seize, take," graha- "seizing, holding, perceiving," M.L.G. grabben "to grab," from P.Gmc. *grab, E. grab "to take or grasp suddenly;" PIE *ghrebh- "to seize"). |
suspect 1) bargâsidan; 2) bargâsâr Fr.: 1) soupçonner; 2) suspect 1) To believe to be guilty, false, counterfeit, undesirable, defective, bad, etc.,
with little or no proof. M.E., from M.Fr. suspecter, from O.Fr. suspect, from L. suspectus "suspected, regarded with suspicion or mistrust," p.p. of suspicere "look up at, look upward," from assimilated form of → sub- + specere, "to look at," → -scope. Bargâsidan, from bar- "on; up; upon; in; into; at; forth; with," → on-, + gâsidan "to look at," → speculate; bargâsâr, from bargâs + -âr, contraction of âvar agent noun of âvardan "to bring; to cause, produce," → format. |
suspected bargâsidé Fr.: soupçonné Believed likely. Past participle of → suspect. |
suspicion bargâseš Fr.: suspicion 1) The state of mind or feeling of one who suspects. M.E., from suspecioun, from O.Fr. suspicion, sospeçon "mistrust, suspicion," from L.L. suspectionem "mistrust, suspicion, fear," noun of state from past participle stem of L. suspicere "to look up at," → suspect. Verbal noun from bargâsidan, → suspect. |
suspicious bargâsenâk Fr.: suspicieux 1) Tending to cause or excite suspicion; questionable. M.E., from O.Fr. sospecious, from L. suspiciosus, suspitiosus "exciting suspicion, causing mistrust," from stem of suspicere, → suspect. Bargâsnâk, from bargâs present stem of pargâsidan, → suspect, + -nâk adj. suffix. |
sustain padârdan Fr.: soutenir, maintenir, prolonger To cause or allow something to continue for a long period of time. M.E. suste(i)nen, from O.Fr. sustenir "hold up, endure," from L. sustinere "hold up, support, endure," from → sub- "up from below" + tenere "to hold," from from PIE root *ten- "to stretch," → tension. Padârdan, from Sogd. padâr "to sustain, support," from Proto-Ir. *pati-dar-, from *pati- "to, toward, in, at, agianst," → ad hoc, + dâr "to hold, keep, maintain," → property, + -dan infinitive suffix. |
sustainability padârdani, padârešpaziri Fr.: durabilité An ecological concept, the property or condition of being → sustainable. Quality, state noun from → sustainable. |
sustainable padârdani Fr.: durable Ecology: Maintaining ecological balance; exploiting natural resources without destroying the ecological balance of an area, e.g. → sustainable agriculture; → sustainable development. |
sustainable agriculture kešâvarzi-ye padârdani Fr.: agriculture durable The ability of a farm to produce food indefinitely, without causing severe or irreversible damage to → ecosystem health. → sustainable; → agriculture. |
sustainable development govâleš-e padârdani Fr.: développement durable Ecology: A development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. → sustainable; → development. |
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