An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
Elara (Jupiter VII)
  الارا   
Elârâ

Fr.: Elara   

The thirteenth known moon of Jupiter, discovered in 1905 by Charles Perrine.

In Gk. mythology, Elara was the mother by Zeus of the giant Tityus.

elastic
  کشایند   
kešâyand (#)

Fr.: élastique   

Of, pertaining to, or noting a body having the property of → elasticity. See also → elastic collision, → elastic deformation, → elastic limit, → elastic scattering.

From Fr., from Gk. elastos "ductile, flexible," related to elaunein "to strike, beat out."

Kešâyand, from keš stem of kešidan/kašidan "to pull, drag, draw" (Av. karš- "to draw, to plough," karša- "furrow;" cf. Skt. kars-, kársati "to pull, drag, plough," Gk. pelo, pelomai "to be busy, to bustle") + âyand agent form of âmadan "to come; to become," from Mid.Pers. âmatan (O.Pers. gam- "to come; to go," Av. gam- "to come; to go," jamaiti "goes;" O.Iranian *āgmatani; Skt. gamati "goes;" Gk. bainein "to go, walk, step;" L. venire "to come;" Tocharian A käm- "to come;" O.H.G. queman "to come;" E. come; PIE root *gwem- "to go, come").

elastic collision
  همکوبش ِ کشایند   
hamkubš-e kešâyand

Fr.: collision élastique   

A collision between two particles which conserves the total kinetic energy and momentum of the system.

elastic; → collision.

elastic deformation
  وادیسش ِ کشایند   
vâdiseš-e kešâyand

Fr.: déformation élastique   

A deformation of a → solid body in which the change (→ strain) in the relative position of points in the body disappears when the deforming stress is removed. See also → elastic limit.

elastic; → deformation.

elastic limit
  حد ِ کشایند   
hadd-e kešâyand

Fr.: limite d'élasticité, ~ élastique   

The smallest → stress beyond which a → solid body can no longer return to its original shape. The material ceases to obey → Hooke's law. Also called → yield point.

elastic; → limit.

elastic scattering
  پراکنش ِ کشایند   
parâkaneš-e kešâyand

Fr.: diffusion élastique   

In a → collision between two → particles, the reaction in which the total → kinetic energy of the system, projectile plus target, is the same before the collision as after.
In the interaction of → electromagnetic waves with particles, the scattering when the → wavelength (→ frequency) of the → scattered light is the same as the → incident light (→ Rayleigh scattering, → Mie scattering).

elastic; → scattering.

elastic wave
  موج ِ کشایند   
mowj-e kešâyand (#)

Fr.: onde élatique   

A wave that propagates by → elastic deformation of the medium. The → propagation takes place by a change in shape that disappears when the forces are removed. In other words, the displaced particles transfer momentum to adjoining particles, and are themselves restored to their original position. A → seismic wave is a type of elastic wave.

elastic; → wave.

elasticity
  کشایندی   
kešâyandi (#)

Fr.: élasticité   

The ability of a body which has been → deformed by an applied → force to return to its original shape when the force is removed. Up to a certain point the material obeys → Hooke's law. See also → ductility, → plasticity.

elastic + → -ity.

elbow
  آرنج   
ârenj (#)

Fr.: coude   

The joint of the human → arm between the → upper arm and the → forearm.

M.E. elbowe, from O.E. elboga, elnboga, from ell + bow. Cognate with Scots elbuck, Du. elleboog, Ger. Ellbogen, Ellenbogen, Dan. albue, Icelandic olbogi, olnbogi "elbow."

Ârenj "elbow," variants âranj, âran "elbow," araš "forearm;" Mid.Pers. âranj, O.Pers. arašan- "cubit," Av. arəθnâ- "elbow," Skt. aratni- "elbow," Iranian stem aratan-, araθn-, borrowed from Iranian into General Slavic as aršin "ell."

electric
  برقی   
barqi (#)

Fr.: électrique   

Pertaining to, derived from, produced by, or associated with electricity.

Term coined in by the English physicist William Gilbert (1540-1603) in treatise De Magnete (1600), from L. electrum "amber," from Gk. elektron "amber."

Barqi, adj. of barq, → electricity.

electric arc
  کمان ِ برقی   
kamân-e barqi

Fr.: arc électrique   

A luminous and extremely hot electrical → discharge between two → electrodes when an ionized → plasma is created in the air or gas across the electrodes.

electric; → arc.

electric charge
  بار ِ برقی   
bâr-e barqi (#)

Fr.: charge électrique   

The intrinsic property of matter responsible for all electric phenomena, occurring in two forms arbitrarily designated → negative and → positive.

electric; → charge.

electric circuit
  برقراه   
barqrâh (#)

Fr.: circuit électrique   

Physics: A closed path followed by an → electric current; a number of → conductors interconnected for the purpose of carrying an electric current.

electric; → circuit.

electric current
  جریان ِ برق   
jarayân-e barq (#)

Fr.: courant électrique   

The → rate at which → electric charge → flows past a given point through a → conductor, measured in → amperes.

electric; → current.

electric dipole
  دیپل ِ برقی، دی‌قطبه ِ ~   
dipol-e barqi, diqotbe-ye ~

Fr.: dipôle électrique   

1) A type of → charge distribution consisting of two charges, a positive and a negative charge of the same magnitude separated by a distance s, which is small compared to the distance r to the point P at which the → electric potential is V and the → electric field intensity is E.The potential falls as the square of the distance (1/r2) and the electric field intensity decreases as the cube of the distance (1/r3).
2) A simple → antenna consisting of a pair of oppositely charged → conductors capable of radiating an → electromagnetic wave in response to the movement of an electric charge from one conductor to the other.

electric; → dipole.

electric discharge
  وابار ِ برقی   
vâbâr-e barqi

Fr.: décharge électrique   

The flow of electricity through a gas, resulting in the emission of radiation that is characteristic of the gas and of the intensity of the current.

electric; → discharge.

electric field
  میدان ِ برقی   
meydân-e barqi (#)

Fr.: champ électrique   

The effect produced by the existence of an → electric charge in the volume of space that surrounds it. The direction of the field is taken to be the direction of the force it would exert on a positive test charge. The electric field is radially outward from a positive charge and radially in toward a negative point charge.

electric; → field.

electric intensity
  درتنویی ِ برقی   
dartanuyi-e barqi (#)

Fr.: intensité électrique   

The strength of an electric field at any point as measured by the force exerted upon a unit positive charge placed at that point.

electric; → intensity.

electric multipole
  بس‌قطبه‌ی ِ برقی   
basqotbe-ye barqi

Fr.: multipôle électrique   

An electric → charge distribution consisting of more than four → positive and → negative → electric charges located at a small distance from each other. The multipole concept is an extension of the → electric quadrupole. For the generalized multipole characterized by the letter l, the potential at a distance r varies as 1/rl + 1 and the field intensity as 1/rl + 2.

electric; → multipole.

electric potential
  توند ِ برقی   
tavand-e barqi

Fr.: potentiel électrique   

The amount of → work required to move a unit → electric charge from → infinity to a specific point against an → electric field. The → SI unit of electric potential is → joules per → coulomb, otherwise known as → volt.

electric; → potential.


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