An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
Orionids
  شکارگریان   
Šekârgariyân

Fr.: orionides   

A meteor shower that appears to emanate from the constellation → Orion. It peaks between October 14 and 20 with about 20 meteors per hour.

Orion + → -ides.

orphan
  یتیم   
yatim (#)

Fr.: orphelin   

1) A child who has lost both parents through death, or, less commonly, one parent.
2) A young animal that has been deserted by or has lost its mother (Dictionary.com). → orphaned protostar.

M.E., from L.L. orphanus "destitute, without parents," from Gk. orphanos "bereaved;" akin to L. orbus "bereaved," Skt. arbhah "weak, child," Armenian orb "orphan," O.Irish orbe "heir," O.C.S. rabu "slave," Ger. Erbe, O.E. ierfa "heir," O.H.G. arabeit, Ger. Arbeit "work," O.E. earfoδ "hardship, suffering, trouble."

Yatim "fatherless," from Ar.

orphaned protostar
  پوروا-ستاره‌ی ِ یتیم   
purvâ-setâre-ye yatim

Fr.: proto-étoile orpheline   

A → protostellar object which has been dynamically ejected from a newborn → multiple star system, either into a tenuously bound orbit or into an escape, thus depriving it from gaining much additional mass. Recent observations have shown that → Class I protostellar sources have a population of distant companions at separations ~ 1000 to 5000 → astronomical unit (AU)s. Moreover, the companion fraction diminishes as the sources evolve. According to N-body simulations of unstable → triple systems embedded in dense cloud cores, many companions are ejected into unbound orbits and quickly escape, but others are ejected with insufficient momentum to climb out of the potential well of the cloud core and associated binary. These loosely bound companions reach distances of many thousands of AU before falling back and eventually being ejected into escapes as the cloud cores gradually disappear (B. Reipurth et al. 2010, arXiv:1010.3307).

orphan; → protostar.

orrery
  اُرِری   
oreri

Fr.: planétaire   

A mechanical device that illustrates the relative positions and motions of the planets and moons in the solar system in heliocentric model.

Named after Charles Boyle, 4th Earl of Orrery (1676-1731), for whom the device was first made.

ortho-
  اردا-   
ardâ-

Fr.: ortho-   

Prefix denoting right, straight, correct.
Prefix indicating that an organic compound contains a benzene ring substituted in the 1.2 position.

Ortho-, from Gk. orthos "set upright, straight, true, correct, regular;" cf. L. arduus "high, steep," O.Ir. ard "high;" also cognate with Av. ərəduua-, as below; from PIE *eredh- "high."

Ardâ-, from Av. ərəduua- "upright, erect, risen;" cf. Skt. ūrdhvá- "upright, tending upward, high;" Gk. ortho, as above.

ortho-water
  اردا-آب   
adrdâ-âb

Fr.: eau ortho   

The → water molecule in which the → nuclear spin of the constituent → hydrogen atoms are → parallel (→ orthohydrogen). In astrophysics the ratio between ortho- and → para-water is used to determine temperatures in → interstellar medium.

ortho-; → water.

orthocenter
  اردامرکز   
ardâmarkaz

Fr.: orthocentre   

Of a triangle, the point where the three → altitudes of the → triangle converge.

ortho-; → center.

orthogonal
  ارداکنج   
ardâkonj

Fr.: orthogonal   

In elementary geometry, pertaining to or involving right angles or perpendiculars.
Of a system of real functions, defined so that the integral of the product of any two different functions is zero.
Of a linear transformation, defined so that the length of a vector under the transformation equals the length of the original vector.
Of a square matrix, defined so that its product with its transpose results in the identity matrix.

ortho- + gonia "angle," related to gony "knee;" L. genu "knee;" Mod.Pers. zânu "knee;" Av. žnav-, žnu- "knee;" Skt. janu-; PIE base *g(e)neu-, see below, + → -al

Ardâkonj, from ardâ-, → ortho-, + konj "angle, corner, confined place" (variants xong "corner, angle," Tabari kânj, Kurd. kunj, Hamadâni kom), maybe from the PIE base *g(e)neu-, as above, and related to Mod.Pers. zânu "knee" (Av. žnu-), Skt. kona- "angle, corner," Gk. gony, gonia, L. cuneus "a wedge," Albanian (Gheg dialect) kân "angle, corner," Albanian (Toks) kënd "angle, corner."

orthogonal functions
  کریاهایِ ارداکنج   
karyâhâ-ye ardâkonj

Fr.: fonctions orthogonales   

A set of functions, any two of which, by analogy to orthogonal vectors, vanish if their product is summed by integration over a specified interval.

orthogonal; → function.

orthogonal lines
  خط‌هایِ ارداکنج   
xatthâ-ye ardâkonj

Fr.: droites orthogonales   

Perpendicular lines.

orthogonal; → line.

orthogonal trajectory
  ترایشانه‌ی ِ ارداکنج   
tarâyešâne-ye ardâkonj

Fr.: trajectoire orthogonale   

Math.: An → isogonal trajectory where the family of curves are cut at right angles.

orthogonal; → trajectory.

orthogonal vectors
  بردارهای ِ ارداکنج   
bordârhâ-ye ardâkonj

Fr.: vecteurs orthogonaux   

Two non-zero vectors which are perpendicular, i.e. their → scalar product is zero.

orthogonal; → vector.

orthogonality
  ارداکنجی   
ardâkonji

Fr.: orthogonalité   

1) The property of → orthogonal functions.
2) The following conditions satisfied by the → Fourier series:
∫ cos (mx) sin (nx) dx = 0 (summed from -π to +π) for all m, n
∫ cos (mx) cos (nx) dx = 0 (summed from -π to +π) for all m ≠ n, = 2π for m = n = 0, = π for (m = n) > 0
∫ sin (mx) sin (nx) dx = 0 (summed from -π to +π) for m ≠ n, = π for (m = n) > 0.

orthogonal; → -ity.

orthohydrogen
  اردا-هیدروژن   
ardâ-hidrožen

Fr.: orthohydrogène   

Molecular hydrogen in which the nuclei (protons) of the two hydrogen atoms contained in the molecule have spins in the same direction. → parahydrogen

ortho-; → hydrogen.

orthonormal vectors
  بردارهای ِ ارداهنجارور   
bordârhâ-ye ardâhanjârvar

Fr.: vecteurs orthonormaux   

Two non-zero vectors that are → orthogonal and have magnitude 1.

orthogonal; → vector.

orthorhombic
  اردالوزیک   
ardâlowzik

Fr.: orthorhombique   

Of or relating to a crystalline structure characterized by three mutually perpendicular axes of different length. → orthorhombic crystal system.

ortho-; → rhombic.

orthorhombic crystal system
  راژمان ِ بلوری ِ اردالوزیک   
râžmân-e boluri-ye ardâlowzik

Fr.: système cristallin orthorhombique   

A → crystal system that has three mutually perpendicular axes, each of which is of a different length than the others.

orthorhombic; → crystal; → system.

orthoscopic
  اردابینی   
ardâbini

Fr.: orthoscopique   

Of or relating to an optical system corrected for → distortion.

ortho-; → -scopic.

orthoscopic eyepiece
  چشمیِ اردابینی   
cešmi-ye ardâbini

Fr.: oculaire orthoscopique   

A telescopic eyepiece that produces a wide field of view (between 40° and 50°). The eyepiece consists of a single element lens that is normally plano-convex, and a cemented triplet that is usually symmetrical.

orthoscopic; → eyepiece.

oscillate
  نویدن   
navidan (#)

Fr.: osciller   

To have, produce, or generate oscillations. → vibrate.

From L. oscillatus, p.p. of oscillare "to swing," from oscill(um) "swing" + -ate a suffix forming verbs from L. words.

Navidan "to swing, oscillate," from nâvidan, literally "to swing like a ship," from nâv "ship;" O.Pers./Av. *nāv-, O.Pers. nāviyā- "fleet;" Skt. nau-, nava- "ship, boat;" Gk. naus "ship;" PIE *nau- "boat."


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