An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
electric scalar potential
  توند ِ مرپلی ِ برقی   
tavand-e marpeli-ye barqi

Fr.: potentiel électrique scalaire   

A potential φ defined so that the → electric field  E is expressed by a combination of its → gradient and the variation of the → magnetic vector potential over time: E = -∇φ -∂A/∂t.

electric; → scalar; → potential.

electrical
  برقی   
barqi (#)

Fr.: électrique   

Of, relating to, or concerned with electricity; electric.

electric + → -al.

electrical conductivity
  هازندگی ِ برقی   
hâznadegi-e barqi

Fr.: conductivité électrique   

A measure of a material's ability to conduct an electrical current. It is the reciprocal of the → resistivity. Conductivity is expressed by σ = ne2l/(2mv), where n is the number of electrons per cm3 volume of the → conductor, e is the → electron charge, l is the → mean free path, m is the → electron mass, and v is the arithmetic mean velocity of thermal motion of electrons at a given temperature.

electrical; → conductivity.

electrical network
  توربست ِ برقی   
turbast-e barqi

Fr.: réseau électrique   

An arrangement of the various electrical energy sources with interconnected electrical devices.

electric; → network.

electricity
  برق   
barq (#)

Fr.: électricité   

1) The physical phenomena arising from the behavior of → electrons and → protons that is caused by the → attraction of particles with opposite → charges and the → repulsion of particles with the same charge.
2) The → science of electric charges and → currents.
3) A → flow of electrons that is used to generate → light and → power electric devices.

From L. electrum "amber," from Gk. elektron "amber" + -ity a suffix used to form abstract nouns expressing state or condition.

Barq, Pers. term, used also in Ar. and Hebrew (barak "lightening"); variants in Pers.: varq, barx, balk, belak, bala; Lârestâni belak; Tabari, Lahijâni, Semnâni, Sorxeyi, Sangesari belk; Gilaki val; Lori beleyz; Kurd. bilese; Tokharian AB pâlk; Mid/Mod.Pers. bir "lightening," Mid.Pers. brâh "brilliance, splendour," br'z- "to shine, beam," Mod.Pers. barâz "beauty, grace, elegance;" Av. brāz- "to shine, beam; splendour," brazāiti "shines;" cf. Skt. bhrāj- "to shine, beam, sparkle," bhrajate "shines;" Gk. phlegein "to burn;" L. fulgere "to shine," fulmen "lightning," flagrare "to blaze, burn;" O.H.G. beraht "bright;" O.E. beorht "bright;" E. → bright; PIE base *bherəg-; *bhrēg- "to shine; white."

electro-
  برق، برقا-   
barq-, barqâ- (#)

Fr.: électro-   

A combining form denoting → electric or → electricity in compound words, such as → electrostatic, → electrodynamics, → electromagnetic. Also, before a vowel, electr-.

From electr(ic) + -o-.

Barq-, or barq + -â-, → electric.

electrode
  الکترود   
elektrod (#)

Fr.: électrode   

1) A conductor by means of which a current passes into or out of a medium. The positive electrode is called anode; the negative electrode is called cathode.
2) In a CCD detector, one of a series of parallel conducting plates which run across the device at right angles to the channels and subdivide a channel into pixels. The plates create an electric field within the semiconductor which therefore forms a storage site for photo-generated charges.

Coined by E. physicist and chemist Michael Faraday (1791-1867) from electro-, → electric, + Gk. hodos "way."

electrodynamic
  برقاتوانیک، برقاتوانا   
barqâtavânik, barqâtavânâ

Fr.: électrodynamique   

Referring to electrons in motion.

electro- + → dynamics.

electrodynamics
  برقاتوانیک   
barqâtavânik

Fr.: électrodynamique   

The phenomena, science, and applications of moving electric charges, as contrasted with → electrostatics. More specifically, the branch of physics concerned with the → interaction of → electric currents with → magnetic fields and → electric fields or with other electric currents.

electro- + → dynamics.

electromagnet
  آهنربا‌ی ِ برقی   
âhanrobâ-ye barqi (#)

Fr.: électroaimant   

A temporary magnet made by coiling wire around an → iron core. When current flows in the coil, or → solenoid, the iron becomes a → magnet. The electromagnet acts as a magnet only so long as the current is flowing in the solenoid.

electro-; → magnet.

electromagnetic
  برقامغناتی، برقامغناطی   
barqâmeqnâti

Fr.: électromagnétique   

Of or pertaining to electromagnetism or electromagnetic fields.

electro- + → magnetic

electromagnetic counterpart
  همتای ِ برقامغناتی   
hamtâ-ye barqâmeqnâti

Fr.: contrpartie électromagnétique   

An → electromagnetic signal associated with the location on the sky and the time of a → gravitational wave event. The electromagnetic signal is predicted by models to be associated with the → merger of a → compact binary star system composed of two → neutron stars (NS) or a neutron star and a → black hole (BH). Accordingly, the gravitational waves are accompanied by a short-duration → gamma-ray burst (GRB) powered by the → accretion of material that remains in a → centrifugally supported → torus around the BH following the merger. NS-NS/BH-NS mergers are also predicted to be accompanied by a more isotropic counterpart, commonly known as a → kilonova. Kilonovae are day to week-long thermal, → supernova-like → transients, and are powered by the → radioactive decay of heavy, neutron-rich elements synthesized by the → r-process in the expanding merger ejecta (Li and Paczynski 1998). The first detection of an electromagnetic counterpart to gravitational waves belongs to → GW170817.

electromagnetic; → counterpart.

electromagnetic coupling constant
  پایای ِ جفسری ِ برقامغناتی   
pâyâ-ye jafsari-ye barqâmeqnâti

Fr.: constante de couplage electromagnétique   

Same as → fine-structure constant.

electromagnetic; → coupling; → constant.

electromagnetic field
  میدان ِ برقامغناتی   
meydân-e barqâmeqnâti

Fr.: champ électromagnétique   

A region of space consisting of coupled electric and magnetic lines of force at each point, generated by time-varying currents and accelerated charges.

electromagnetic; → field.

electromagnetic force
  نیروی ِ برقامغناتی   
niru-ye barqâmeqnâti

Fr.: force électromagnétique   

The fundamental force that is associated with electric and magnetic fields. One of the four fundamental forces of nature, it is carried by photons.

electromagnetic; → force.

electromagnetic induction
  درهازش ِ برقامغناتی   
darhâzeš-e barqâmeqnâti

Fr.: induction électromagnétique   

The production of an → electromotive force in a circuit caused by a variation in the magnetic flux through the circuit. If this variation is produced by a change in the current flowing in the circuit itself, it is called → self-induction. If due to the variation in a current in some other circuit, it is called mutual induction. See also → Faraday's law of induction.

electromagnetic; → induction.

electromagnetic potential
  توند ِ برقامغناتی   
tavand-e barqâmeqnâti

Fr.: potentiel électromagnétique   

The combination of both → electric scalar potential and → magnetic vector potential.

electromagnetic; → potential.

electromagnetic radiation
  تابش ِ برقامغناتی   
tâbeš-e barqâmeqnâti

Fr.: rayonnement électromagnétique   

Radiation propagating in the form of an advancing wave in electric and magnetic fields. It includes radio waves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-rays, and gamma rays.

electromagnetic; → radiation.

electromagnetic signal
  نشال ِ برقامغناتی   
nešâl-e barqâmeqnâti

Fr.: signal électromagnétique   

Information transmitted by means of a modulated current or an electromagnetic wave and received by telephone, radio, television, etc.

electromagnetic; → signal.

electromagnetic spectrum
  بیناب ِ برقامغناتی   
binâb-e barqâmeqnâti

Fr.: spectre électromagnétique   

The range of frequencies over which electromagnetic waves are propagated. → electromagnetic radiation.

electromagnetic; → spectrum.


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