An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
carbonyl group
  گروه ِ کربونیل   
goruh-e karbonil (#)

Fr.: groupe carbonyl   

The radical -C=O, which occurs in several compounds, such as → aldehydes and ketones.

From → carbon + -yl a suffix used in the names of some radicals; → group.

carboxyl radical (COOH)
  رادیکال ِ کربوکسیل   
râdikâl-e karboksil (#)

Fr.: radical carboxyl   

Chem.: The -COOH group, regarded as the essential and characteristic constituent of organic acids.

From carb-, variant of carbo- before a vowel, from → carbon, + ox, from → oxygen, + -yl a suffix used in the names of radicals.

cardinal
  اگرا   
agrâ

Fr.: cardinal   

1) Fundamentally → important; → principal.
2) → cardinal number.

M.E., from L.L. cardinalis "principal, pivotal," lit. "serving as a hinge," from cardo, cardin- "door hinge."

Agrâ, from Av. aγra-, aγrya- "the highest, the first, foremost" cf. Skt. agra- "foremost, first, prominent," PIE *agro- "top, first, beginning."

cardinal direction
  سوی ِ اگرا   
su-ye agrâ

Fr.: point cardinal   

Any of the four principal directions or points of the compass, → north, → east, → south, and → west. See also: → cardinal point.

cardinal; → direction.

cardinal number
  عدد ِ اگرا   
adad-e agrâ

Fr.: nombre cardinal   

An ordinary number such as 0, 1, 2, or 3, as opposed to an → ordinal number such as 1st, 2nd, or 3rd. Cardinal numbers can be → zero or → positive and are used for counting the things that are assumed to be not divisible.

cardinal; → number.

cardinal point
  نقطه‌ی ِ اگرا   
noqte-ye agrâ

Fr.: point cardinal   

One of the four points where the → meridian and the → prime vertical intersect the → horizon. See also: → cardinal direction.

cardinal; → point.

cardinality
  اگرایی   
agrâyi

Fr.: cardinalité   

Math.: The → cardinal number indicating the → number of → elements in a → set. For example, the set A = {a, b, c, d} contains 4 elements, and therefore it has a cardinality of 4 (denoted |A| = 4).

cardinal; → -ity.

care
  ۱) تیمار؛ ۲) تیماردن   
1) timâr (#); 2) timârdan

Fr.: soin, souci, attention; 2) se soucier, s'intéresser   

1a) A state of mind in which one is troubled; worry, anxiety, or concern; a cause or object of worry, anxiety, concern, etc.
1b) Serious attention; solicitude; heed; caution.
2a) To be concerned or solicitous; have thought or regard.
2b) To be concerned or have a special preference (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from O.E. caru, cearu "sorrow, anxiety, grief," cognate with Gothic kara, O.H.G. chara lament; M.En. caren, O.E. cearian, carian "be anxious, grieve."

Timâr "care, attendance on the sick; custody; sorrow;" Mid.Pers. têmâr "care; grief"

careful
  تیمارمند   
timârmand

Fr.: consciecieux, soigneux, soigné   

1) Cautious in one's actions.
2) Taking pains in one's work; exact; thorough.
3) (of things) Done or performed with accuracy or caution (Dictionary.com).

care; + -ful, a suffix meaning "characterized by; full of; able to;" → full.

Carina
  افزل، شاه‌تخته   
afzal, šâh-taxté (#)

Fr.: Carène   

The Keel. A major → constellation in the southern sky, home to → Canopus (α Carinae), the second brightest star after → Sirius. Approximate position: RA 9h, Dec. -60° The constellation resulted from the division of a very large constellation representing → Argo Navis, the mythological Jason's ship. The partition into the constellations → Carina, → Puppis, → Vela, and → Pyxis appeared first on a sky map by Nicholas Louis de Lacaille (1763). Carina represents the bottom of the Ship Argo. Abbreviation: Car; genitive form: Carinae.

L. carina "the keel of a ship, i.e. the principal structural member of a ship, running lengthwise along the center line from bow to stern, to which the frames are attached."

Afzal "keel" in the jargon of the Caspian sea fishermen of Gilan province. Šâh-taxté "main plank."

Carina arm
  بازوی ِ افزل   
bâzu-ye Afzal

Fr.: bras de Carène   

A → spiral arm in the Milky Way galaxy seen at its best in the → constellation → Carina, but also crossing the constellations → Vela, → Crux, and → Centaurus. It may be a continuation of the → Sagittarius arm; the combined feature is called Sagittarius-Carina arm.

Carina; → arm.

Carina Nebula
  میغ ِ افزل   
miq-e afzal

Fr.: Nébuleuse de la Carène   

One of the most prominent → massive star formation regions of the → Milky Way, also known as NGC 3372. It is associated with a giant → H II region of the same name, which spans about 4 square degrees on the sky and is split by a remarkable V-shaped → dust lane. The Carina Nebula harbors several → star clusters, mainly → Trumpler 14, → Trumpler 16, and Collinder 228, including more than 60 known → O-type stars in addition to the extreme → LBV star → Eta Carinae. This gas and dust complex is associated with a → giant molecular cloud extending over about 130 pc. Large cavities within the molecular cloud are supposed to be carved out by the massive star clusters. There are also several → Herbig-Haro objects and → bipolar outflows.

Carina; → nebula.

Carme (Jupiter XI)
  کارمه   
Kârme (#)

Fr.: Carmé   

The fourteenth of Jupiter's known satellites; 40 km in size; → retrograde orbit. It was discovered by Nicholson in 1938.

In Gk mythology, Carme was a wife of Zeus, and the mother of Britomartis, a Cretan goddess.

Carnal-Mlynek experiment
  آزمایش ِ کارنال-ملینک   
âzmâyeš-e Carnal-Mlynek

Fr.: expérience Carnal-Mlynek   

An experiment devised to produce → interference patterns from a beam of helium atoms passing through two adjacent apertures, as in → Young's experiment.

Named after O. Carnal and J. Mlynek, who first carried out this experiment in 1991 (Phys. Rev. Lett. 66, 2689); → experiment.

Carnot cycle
  چرخه‌ی ِ کارنو   
carxe-ye Carnot

Fr.: cycle de Carnot   

A → cyclic process comprising a sequence of → isothermal and → adiabatic expansions and compressions that bring a system back to its initial state.

Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1796-1832), a French physicist and military engineer who, in his 1824 Reflections on the Motive Power of Fire, gave the first successful theoretical account of heat engines; → cycle.

carrier
  برنده   
barandé (#)

Fr.: porteur   

1) An atom or molecule responsible for an unidentified spectral feature, such as a → diffuse interstellar band.
2) Same as → charge carrier.
3) In radio or television transmission, an → electromagnetic wave whose → amplitude, → frequency, or → phase is to be varied or → modulated to transmit a signal.

Carrier, from v. carry, from M.E. carien, from O. Norm-Fr. carier "to transport in a vehicle," from carre "cart," from L. carrum, carrus "two-wheeled wagon," from Gaul. karros, from PIE *krsos, from base *kers- "to run."

Barandé "carrier," from bordan "to carry," Mid.Pers. burdan, O.Pers./Av. bar- "to bear, carry," Av. barəθre "to bear (infinitive)," barəθri "a female that bears (children), a mother," Skt. bharati "he carries," Gk. pherein, P.Gmc. *beranan, O.H.G. beran, Goth. bairan "to carry," O.E. beran "bear, bring, wear," PIE root *bher-; "to carry."

Carrington rotation
  چرخش ِ کرینگتون   
carxeš-e Carrington

Fr.: rotation de Carrington   

A system for counting rotations of the Sun based on the mean → synodic rotation period of the Sun. Initially, Lord Carrington determined the solar rotation rate by watching low-latitude → sunspots. He defined a fixed solar coordinate system that rotates in a sidereal frame exactly once every 25.38 days. This means that the solar rotation period, as viewed from the Earth, is assumed to be constant. However, the synodic rotation rate varies during the year because of the changing speed of the Earth in its orbit and the mean synodic period is about 27.2753 days. Carrington rotation number 1 began on November 9, 1853.

Named for Richard C. Harrington (1826-1875), British astronomer, who initiated the system; → rotation.

Cartesian
  دکارتی   
Descarti

Fr.: cartésien   

Of or relating to René → Descartes, his mathematical system, or his philosophy, especially with regard to its emphasis on logical analysis and its mechanistic interpretation of physical nature. → Cartesian coordinates; → Cartesian vortex theory.

From L. Cartesianus, from Cartesius, Latinized form of the name of French philosopher and mathematician René Descartes (1596-1650), + suffix -ian.

Cartesian coordinates
  هم‌آراهای ِ دکارتی   
hamârâhâ-ye Dekârti

Fr.: coordonnées cartésiennes   

A → coordinate system in which the position of a point is specified by two (in a plane) or three (in 3-dimensional space) → real numbers representing the distances from two perpendicular axes or from three perpendicular planes, respectively. René Descartes (1596-1650) introduced the coordinates system in his La Géométrie in 1637.

Cartesian; → coordinate.

Cartesian vortex theory
  نگره‌ی ِ گردشار ِ دکارت   
negare-ye gerdšâr-e Descartes

Fr.: théorie des vortex de Descartes   

A mechanical model put forward before Newton's theory of gravity to explain the revolution of the planets around the Sun. Descartes in his 1644 Principia Philosophiae postulated that the space between the Sun and the planets is filled with matter in the form of a fluid. The fluid rotates in countless whirlpools, one for each planet, thus carrying the planets along in their flow. The vortices vary in size and are contiguous as well as nested. Descartes believed that two objects can exert force on each other only when they are in physical contact. This is why he postulated that space is filled with matter. Newton refuted the vortex theory, using the principle of → action at a distance on which relies his → law of universal gravitation.

Cartesian; → vortex; → theory.


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