An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
Altair (α Aquilae)
  طایر، نسر ِ طایر، کرکس ِ پرنده   
Tâyer, Nasr-e Tâyer, Karkas-e Parandé (#)

Fr.: Altaïr   

The brightest star in → Aquila (apparent visual magnitude 0.77), and the twelfth brightest star in the sky. Altair is a whitish A7 → main sequence star. It has one of the fastest known rotational speeds, 242 km/s at the equator, compared with the Sun's about 2 km/s.

Altair, from Ar. An Nasr at-Taiir "The Flying Vulture," from Nasr "vulture" + Ta'ir "flying."

Karkas-e Parandé "The Flying Vulture" coined by Biruni (around A.D. 1000), from karkas "vulture," Av. kahrkâsa- "devourer hen," from *kahrka "hen" (Mod.Pers. kark "hen," karak "quail") + *âsa "to eat" (Mod.Pers. âš "food, soup") + Parandé "flying," from paridan "to fly" (from Mid./Mod.Pers. par(r) "feather, wing," Av. parəna- "feather, wing;" cp. Skt. parna "feather," E. fern; PIE *porno- "feather").

altazimuth
  فرازا-سوگان   
farâzâ-sugân

Fr.: altazimutal   

1) A → mounting for → telescopes that permits both → vertical and → horizontal → rotation.
2) A telescope having such a mounting.
See also: → altazimuth coordinate system, → altazimuth instrument, → altazimuth mounting.

Altazimuth, from alt(itude) + → azimuth.

Farâzâ-sugân, from farâzâ, → altitude, + sugân, → azimuth.

altazimuth coordinate system
  راژمان ِ هم‌آراهای ِ فرازا-سوگان   
râžmân-e hamârâhâ-ye farâzâ-sugân

Fr.: coordonnées azimutales   

The coordinate system in which the position of a body on the → celestial sphere is described with respect to an observer's → celestial horizon and → zenith. The coordinates of a point in this system are its → altitude on the → vertical circle, and its → azimuth westward (clockwise) along the celestial horizon from the observer's south. Same as → horizon coordinate system.

altazimuth; → coordinate; → system.

altazimuth instrument
  سازال ِ فرازا-سوگان   
sâzâl-e farâzâ-sugâni

Fr.: instrument altazimutal   

A telescope that moves vertically along the → altitude circle of a celestial body and horizontally along its → azimuth circle.

altazimuth; → instrument.

altazimuth mounting
  برنشاند ِ فرازا-سوگان   
barnešând-e farâzâ-sugân

Fr.: monture altazimutale   

A → telescope mounting which has its two axes of movement aligned with the → horizon and the → zenith.

mounting; → mounting.

alter
  دگرگون کردن، دگرگونیدن   
degargun kardan, degunidan

Fr.: altérer   

(v.tr.) To change or make different.
(v.intr.) To change or become different.

M.E. alteren, from O.Fr. altérer, from M.L. alterre, from L. alter "other," from PIE *al- "beyond" + comp. suffix -ter.

Degargun kardan, degargunidan, from degargun, from degar, → change, + -gun "manner, fashion," → elliptical, + kardan, -idan, → -ize.

alteration
  دگرگونی، دگرگونش   
degarguni, degarguneš

Fr.: altération   

1) The act or process of altering; the state of being altered.
2) The result of altering.

Verbal noun of → alter.

alternate
  ۱) پیوار؛ ۲) پیوار شدن؛ ۳) پیوار کردن، پیواریدن   
1) peyvâr; 2) peyvâr šodan; 3) peyvâr kardan, peyvâridan

Fr.: 1) alterné; 2, 3) alterner   

1) Happening or following in turns; succeeding each other continuously.
2a) (v.intr.) To occur in a successive manner (day alternates with night); To change back and forth from one state, action, or place to another.
2b) Electricity: To reverse direction at regular intervals in a → circuit.
3) (v.tr.) To do or execute in succession or one after another (to alternate work and rest).

From L. alternus "one after the other," p.p. of alternare "to do first one thing, then the other," from alternus "every other," from alter "the other".

1) Peyvâr from pey "step; after" (as in peyâpey "successively, repeatedly") + Pers. vâr "turn (succession), time (repetition), alternation". Compare with Skt. vâra "one's turn, appointed time, alteration, succession".
2, 3) Peyvâr šodan, peyvâr kardan, peyvâridan, verbs from peyvâr "alternate," as above.

alternating
  پیوارنده   
peyvârandé

Fr.: alternatif   

Occuring in a successive manner. Acting or proceeding by turns. → alternating current.

Verbal adj. from → alternate; → -ing.

alternating current (AC)
  جریان ِ پیوارنده   
jarayân-e peyvârandé

Fr.: courant alternatif   

An → electric current that reverses direction of flow at regular intervals. The typical alternating current is → sinusoidal in shape. Alternating current has the advantage over → direct current in that its → voltage magnitude can be changed easily through a → transformer. Moreover, it is safer to transfer over the longer city distances and can provide more → power. The frequency of alternating current is 50 Hz (Europe) or 60 Hz (USA).

alternating; → current.

alternation
  پیوارش   
peyvâreš

Fr.: alternance   

General: Successive change from one thing or state to another and back again.
The process of periodically varying a voltage from zero to a maximum, back to zero, to a minimum, and then to zero.

Alternation, noun from → alternate.

alternative
  دگرینه   
degarine

Fr.: alternatif   

1) (n) A proposition or situation offering a choice between two or more things only one of which may be chosen.
2) (adj) Offering or expressing a choice. → alternative energy, → alternatively.

Alternative, from → alternate.

Degarine, from degar "other," variant digar, from Mid.Pers. dit, ditikar "the other, the second," O.Pers. duvitiya- "second," Av. daibitya-, bitya- "second," Skt. dvitiya- "second," PIE *duitiio- "second" + suffix -ine.

alternative energy
  کاروژ ِ دگرینه   
kâruž-e degarine-ye

Fr.: énergie alternative   

Energy from a source other than the conventional fossil fuel sources.

alternative; → energy.

alternative hypothesis
  انگاره‌ی ِ دگرینه   
engâre-ye degarine

Fr.: hypothèse alternative   

Statistics: In → significance testing, any hypothesis which differs from the one being tested. A hypothesis alternative to the → null hypothesis is denoted by H1.

alternative; → hypothesis.

alternatively
  دگرینانه   
degarinâné

Fr.: alternativement   

In place of, or as an alternative to.

Adverb from → alternative.

alternator
  پیوارگر   
peyvârgar

Fr.: alternateur   

A machine or device that produces alternating current.

Alternator, noun from → alternate + → -or.

altimeter
  فرازسنج، فرازیاب   
farâzsanj (#), farâzyâb (#)

Fr.: altimètre   

An instrument which determines the altitude of an object with respect to a fixed level, such as sea level.

L. altus "high" + → -meter.

Farâzsanj, from farâz "above, over, aloft" + -sanj, → -meter; farâzyâb, from farâz + yâb "finder," from yâbidan "to find, discover, obtain."

altimetry
  فرازسنجی، فرازیابی   
farâzsanji (#), farâzyâbi (#)

Fr.: altimétrie   

The measurement of heights in the atmosphere (altitude) by an → altimeter.

altimeter; → -metry.

altitude
  فرازا   
farâzâ (#)

Fr.: altitude   

1) The height above sea level.
2) The angle between an object's position on the celestial sphere and the horizon.
3) Of a triangle, the perpendicular from the base to the opposite vertex.

Altitude, from L. altitudo, from altus "high".

Farâzâ, from farâz "above, up, upon," → height, + noun making suffix -a.

altitude circle
  پرهون ِ فرازا   
parhun-e farâzâ

Fr.: cercle d'égale altitude   

A circle on the celestial sphere that has equal altitude over the Earth's surface and lies parallel to the horizon. Also called almucantar, circle of altitude, parallel of altitude.

altitude; → circle.


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