An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

1) Prefix meaning "into, in, on, upon, toward, at;" variants im-; il-; ir- by assimilation of -n- with the following consonant. It occurs also sometimes as en, in loans from O.Fr.
2) Prefix meaning "not, opposite of, without."

1) From L. in; cf. Gk. en; P.Gmc. *in (cf. O.Fris, Du., Ger., Goth. in); O.E. in, inne "within."
2) From L. in- "not," cognate with Gk. an-; O.Pers./Av. an-, a- "not, without;" Skt. an-, a- "not;" P.Gmc. *un-; O.E. un-.

1) Dar- "in," from Mid.Pers. andar, → intra-.
2) nâ-, na "not," ma- "not" (prohibitive); Mid.Pers. nê, ma "no, not;" O.Pers. naiy, nai "not;" Av. nôit, naē "not;" cf. Skt. ná "not;" L. ne-, in-, un-; Gk. ni; Lith. nè; O.C.S. ne "not;" PIE *ne-.
bi- privative prefix, from Mid.Pers. abi-, O.Pers. *apaiy-, Av. apa-.
a-, an-, from O.Pers./Av. negation prefix appearing before consonants and vowels respectively. A couple of examples in Mod.Pers.: amordâd "immortality, name of the fifth month in the Iranian calendar," anušé; "fortunate, happy," anirani "non Iranian," âhu "vice, defect," âsoqdé "unburnt, half-burnt wood."

A group to which the speaker, the person spoken of, etc. belongs.

→ in-; → group.

Xodi "insider, familiar, friend," from xod "own," → self-.

The quality or condition of being inaccurate.
The difference between the input quantity applied to a measuring instrument and the output quantity indicated by that instrument. The inaccuracy of an instrument is equal to the sum of its instrument error and its uncertainty.

From negation prefix → in- + → accuracy

1) Not → active.
2) Chem.: Not → reactive.

→ in-; → active.

State of glowing at high → temperature; white or bright-red → heat.

Quality, state noun from → incandescent.

1) (Of light) produced by → incandescence.
2) Glowing or → white with → heat.
3) Intensely → bright; brilliant (Dictionary.com).

From Fr., from L. incandescent-, incandescens, p.p. of incandescere "to become hot," from → in- + candescere "to become hot," from candere "to glow."

Foruzandé, agent noun and verbal adj. from foruzidan, → glow.

Electric lamp in which light is produced by the heating effect of a → metal  → filament.

→ incandescent; → lamp.

1) The degree, extent, or frequency of occurrence, especially of something unwanted.
2) The act of striking a → light ray or → beam of particles on a surface. Also the direction of striking.

M.E., from M.Fr. incidence, from L.L. incidentia, from incidere "to happen, befall," from in- "on" + -cidere, combining form of cadere "to fall," → case.

Fotâd,literally "fall, the act of falling," from fotâdan "to fall," variant of oftâdan "to fall; to happen," → coincide.

Same as → angle of incidence.

→ incidence; → angle.

1) An instance of something happening; an event or occurrence.
2a) Likely or apt to happen.
2b) Falling or striking on something, as light rays or a beam of particles.

→ incidence.

Fotân, agent noun and adj. from fotâdan, → incidence.

The → light ray that strikes a surface before → reflection, → refraction, or → absorption. Opposite of → emergent ray.

→ incident; → ray.

To cut into; to cut marks upon.

M.E., from O.Fr. enciser, from L. incisus, p.p. of incidere "to cut into, cut through," from → in- + caedere "to cut," → precise.

Darsunidan, from dar, → in- + sun "cut," → precise.

The act of incising. A cutting into, especially for surgical purposes.

Verbal noun of → incise.

To stir, encourage, or urge on; stimulate or prompt to action (Dictionary.com).

→ in-; → excite.

The act of inciting. The state of being incited. motive.

Verbal noun of → incite.

1) The angle between two lines or two planes.
2) An orbital element that defines the angle between the orbital plane of a solar system body (planet, comet, asteroid) and the plane of the ecliptic.
3) The angle between the equatorial and orbital planes of a planet.

Inclination, from M.E. inclinacioun, from L. inclination-, from inclinat(us) p.p. of inclinare, from → in- + clinare "to bend;" cf. Gk. klinein "to cause to slope, slant, incline;" Skt. sri- "to lean," O.Pers. θray-; Av. sray- "to lean;" Mod.Pers. kil "bent, inclined, slant;" PIE base *klei- "to lean, incline" from which is also derived P.Gmc. *khlinen (Ger. lehnen, E. lean).

Darkil, from prefix dar- "in" + kil "bent, crooked, inclined" [Dehxodâ], Mid.Pers. xwahl "bent, crooked" (Mod.Pers. dialectal/colloquial variants kowleh, cowleh, cowl, caval, xohl, xohal, hol), cf. Skt. kûla- "slope, declivity;" PIE base *klei-, as above.

The angle between the rotation axis of a planet and the normal to the ecliptic.

→ inclination; → axis.

→ obliquity of the ecliptic.

→ inclination; → Earth; → equator.

To deviate from the vertical or horizontal; slant.

Verbal form of → inclination.

To comprise as a part. See also → conclude, → exclude.

From L. includere "to shut in, enclose, imprison, insert," from → in- "in" + claudere "to shut, close; to block up, make inaccessible," ultimately from PIE root *klau- "hook, hooked branch or piece of wood; bolt, bar;" cf. L. clavis "key," clavus "nail," claustrum "bar, bolt, barrier;" Gk. kleidos "bar, bolt, key;" O.Ir. clo "nail;" M.Ir. clithar "hedge, fence;" O.C.S. kljuci "hook, key," kljuciti "shut;" Lith. kliuti "to catch, be caught on;" O.H.G. sliozan "shut," Ger. schließen "to shut," Schlüssel "key."

Darkolândan, from dar-, → in-, + kolândan "to shut," from kolân "wooden bolt, latch;" variants kelân, kolun, kolum, koland, kolandân, kelid, kelidân "wooden bolt, latch;" kalâk "a crook stick for gathering fruit;" (Tabari) kali, (Lori) kelil, (Laki) kalil "key; lock;" (Kurd.) kilil, kilij "key;" (prefixed) biškal(a) "a crooked stick for opening a lock, a sort of key;" (Kurd. Kurmanji) kelemce "handcuff;" (štiyâni) keleku "a large wooden mallet used by bleachers;" (prefixed) eškelak "a piece of wood used between a thief's fingers to force him confess;" kor-mix, gol-mix "a large-headed peg or stake;" Mid.Pers. kilêl "key." This family of Pers. words is probably related to PIE root *klau- "hook, hooked branch or piece of wood; bolt, bar," as above.