An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
crater rim
  لبه‌ی ِ لاوک   
labe-ye lâvak

Fr.: bords de cratère   

That part an → impact crater that extends above the height of the local surface, usually in a circular or elliptical pattern.

crater; → rim.

cratering
  لاوک زایی، کندال زایی   
lâvakzâyi, kandâlzâyi

Fr.: cratérisation   

The process by which craters form on the surface of Solar System objects.

From → crater + → -ing

From lâvak or kandâl, → crater, + zâyi from zâ- present tense stem of zâdan "to give birth," Mid.Pers. zâtan, Av. zan- "to bear, give birth to a child, be born," infinitive zazâite, zâta- "born," cf. Skt. janati "begets, bears," L. gignere "to beget," PIE base *gen- "to give birth, beget."

craterlet
  لاوک‌چه، کندال‌چه   
lâvakcé, kandâlcé

Fr.: petit cratère   

A small crater often beside a larger one on the surface of the Moon or solid planets.

From → crater + -let diminutive suffix.

Lâvakcé, kandâlcé from lâvak, kandâl, → crater, + -cé diminutive suffix.

create
  آفریدن   
âfaridan (#)

Fr.: créer   

1) To cause to come into existence.
2) To produce or bring about by a course of action or behavior.

M.E., from L. creatus, p.p. of creare "to make, bring forth, produce," akin to crescere "arise, grow," → crescent.

Âfaridan, âfarin- "to create" (related to nifrin, nefrin "curse"); Mid.Pers. âfrin- "to create, bless;" Av. frī- "to rejoice, please;" cf. Skt. pray- "to please, enjoy, satisfy," O.H.G. friten "to look after;" Ger. frei, → free.

creation
  آفرینش   
âfarinš (#)

Fr.: création   

1) The act of producing or causing to exist.
2) The act of being created. See also → creation operator.

Verbal noun of → create.

creation operator
  آپارگر ِ آفرینش   
âpârgar-e âfarineš

Fr.: opérateur de création   

An operator that acts on the → eigenstate describing the → harmonic oscillator to raise its → energy level by one step. The creation operator is the → Hermitian conjugate operator of the → annihilation operator.

creation; → operator.

creationism
  آفرینش‌باوری   
âfarineš-bâvari

Fr.: créationisme   

The religious belief that considers the account of creation given in Genesis to be a scientific description and rejects the Big Bang theory and the theory of evolution. Creationism is a → pseudoscience. Same as "creation science" and "scientific creationism."

creation; → -ism.

credit
  ۱) ارجه؛ ۲) ارجه دادن   
1) arjé; 2) arjé dâdan

Fr.: 1) crédit; 2) créditer, faire crédit   

1a) Commendation or honor given for some action, quality, etc.
1b) A source of pride or honor.
1c) The ascription or acknowledgment of something as due or properly attributable to a person, institution, etc.
1d) Influence or authority resulting from the confidence of others or from one's reputation.
1e) A sum of money due to a person; anything valuable standing on the credit side of an account:
2) To believe; put confidence in; trust; have faith in (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from M.Fr. crédit "belief, trust," from It. credito, from L. creditum "a loan, thing entrusted to another," from p.p. of credere "to trust, entrust, believe."

Arjé, from arj "esteem, honor, dignity; price, worth, value," variant of arz "price, value," arzidan "to be worth;" Mid.Pers. arz- "to be worth;" Av. arj- "to be worth," arəjaiti "it is worth;" Proto-Ir. *Harj- "to be worth;" cf. Skt. arh- "to earn, be worth;" Gk. alphein "to earn, to obtain;" Lith. alga "salary, pay." "to be woth." Arjé dâdan with dâdan "to give, grant, yield," → datum.

crepe ring
  حلقه‌ی ِ پرنیان   
halqe-ye parniyân

Fr.: anneau de crèpe   

An alternative name for Saturn's C ring, which is a wide but faint ring located inside the B Ring. Discovered in 1850 by William and George Bond, it was termed "crepe" because it seemed to be composed of darker material than the brighter A and B Rings.

Crepe, from Fr. crêpe, from O.Fr. crespe, from L. crispa, fem. of crispus "curled;" → ring.

Halqé, → ring; parniyân "a kind of fine painted silk, a mantle of such silk."

crepuscular rays
  پرتوهای ِ نیمتابی   
partwohâ-ye nimtâbi

Fr.: rayons crépusculaire   

Rays of sunlight that appear to diverge from a single point in the sky when parallel columns of light, partially blocked by clouds, pour through gaps in clouds. They result from light scattering and an optical effect called perspective.

Crepuscular "of, pertaining to, or resembling twilight," from L. crepuscul(um), "twilight, dusk," from crepus-, from creper "dusky, dark."

Partowhâ "rays," from partow, → ray; nimtâbi "of, pertaining to, or resembling nimtâb" → twilight.

crescent
  هلال، برن   
helâl (#), barn (#)

Fr.: croissant   

The figure of the → Moon or an → inferior planet when it is less than half illuminated, as seen by the → observer.

From O.Fr. croissant, from L. crescentum, p.p. of crescere "to grow, increase; spring forth," from PIE base *ker- "to grow" (cf. Gk. kouros "boy," kore "girl," Pers. dialects Laki korr "son, boy," Lori kor "son, boy," Malayeri kora "boy," Kordi kur "son," Arm. serem "bring forth," serim "be born").

Helâl from Ar. Barn "the new moon," from Proto-Iranian *aparnâ- "unfilled," from negation prefix → a- + parnâ- "full;" cf. Mid.Pers. purr mâh "full moon," Av. pərənô-mâh- "full moon," Skt. purna-mâs- "full moon;" → full; → moon.

crescent Moon visibility
  دیاری ِ هلال ِ ماه   
diyâri-ye helâl-e mâh

Fr.: visibilité du croissant lunaire   

The first sighting of the → New Moon after its → conjunction with the Sun. Although the date and time of each New Moon can be computed exactly, the visibility of the lunar → crescent as a function of the → Moon's age depends upon many factors and cannot be predicted with certainty. The sighting within one day of New Moon is usually difficult. The crescent at this time is quite thin, has a low surface brightness, and can easily be lost in the → twilight. Generally, the lunar crescent will become visible to suitably-located, experienced observers with good sky conditions about one day after New Moon. However, the time that the crescent actually becomes visible varies from one month to another. The visibility depends on sky conditions and the location, experience, and preparation of the observer. Ignoring atmospheric conditions, the size and brightness of the lunar crescent depend on the → elongation which in turn depends on several factors: 1) The Moon's elongation at New Moon (the elongation of the Moon at New Moon is not necessarily 0). 2) The speed of the Moon in its elliptical orbit. 3) The distance of the Moon, and 4) The observer's location (parallax). The combined effect of the first three factors gives geocentric elongation of the Moon from the Sun at an age of one day which can vary between about 10 and 15 degrees. This large range of possible elongations in the one-day-old Moon is critical (US Naval Observatory).

crescent; → moon; → visibility.

crescent width
  پهنای ِ هلال، ~ برن   
pahnâ-ye helâl, ~ barn

Fr.: largeur de croissant   

The width of the lit area of the → Moon measured along the Moon's diameter.

crescent; → width.

crest
  ستیغ   
setiq (#)

Fr.: crête   

The highest point or upper part of a wave.

From O.Fr. creste "tuft, comb," from L. crista "tuft, plume; rooster's comb."

Setiq "summit; anything standing upright," from O.Pers./Av. sta- "to stand, stand still; set," Mod.Pers. istâdan "to stand" (cf. Skt. sthâ- "to stand," Gk. histemi "put, place, weigh," stasis "a standing still," L. stare "to stand") + adj. suffix -iq, variants -ig, -ik, → -ics.

Cretaceous
  گچاسا   
Gacâsâ

Fr.: Crétacé   

A period of → geologic time which began at the end of the → Jurassic period approximately 145 million years ago and extended to approximately 65 million years ago.

From L. cretaceus, from cret(a) "chalk, clay," + → -aceous, because the geological remains of this period contain heightened chalk deposits.

Gacâsâ, from gac "chalk," Mid.Pers. gac + -âsâ, → -aceous.

Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event
  رویداد ِ خاموشی ِ گچاسا-پارینزاد   
ruydâd-e xâmuši-ye Gacâsâ-Pârinzâd

Fr.: extinction Crétacé-Tertiaire   

The → mass extinction event that destroyed the dinosaurs and a majority of other species on Earth approximately 65 million years ago. This event is believed to have been the impact of a 10 km-size → asteroid or → comet nucleus and its aftereffects, including a severe → impact winter. The collision would have released the energy equivalent to 100 million megatonnes (teratonnes) of → TNT, i.e. more than 109 times the energy of the atomic bomb dropped on Hiroshima on August 6, 1945. Same as the → Cretaceous-Tertiary event.

Cretaceous; → Paleogene; → extinction; → event.

Cretaceous-Tertiary event
  رویداد ِ K-T   
ruydâd-e K-T (#)

Fr.: événement K-T   

See → Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event.

K, representing the "→ Cretaceous period," and T the "→ Tertiary;" → event.

crew
  کرن   
koran

Fr.: équipage, équipe   

A group of persons acting or working together.

M.E. crewe "augmentation, reinforcement, body of soldiers," from M.Fr. crue, from O.Fr. creue "an increase, recruit, military reinforcement," from p.p. of creistre "grow," from L. crescere "grow, arise," → crescent.

Koran, variants korand, korang "a troop, a circle of people" (Dehxodâ).

crime
  بزه   
bazah (#)

Fr.: crime   

An action or an instance of negligence that is deemed injurious to the public welfare or morals or to the interests of the state and that is legally prohibited (Dictionary.com).

M.E., from O.Fr. crimne, from L. crimen "charge, indictment, accusation; offense."

Bazah, from Mid.Pers. bazag "crime, misdeed," bazagkâr "evil-doer," Parthian bzg "evil, wicked."

criminal
  ۱) بزهی؛ ۲) بزه‌کار   
1) bazahi; 2) bazahkâr

Fr.: criminel   

1) Of the nature of or involving crime.
2) A person guilty or convicted of a crime.

L. criminalis, → crime; → -al.


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