An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
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فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
existential quantifier
  چنداگر ِ هستیال   
candâgar-e hastiyâl

Fr.: quantificateur existentiel   

A symbol of → predicate logic which expresses that the statements within its scope are → true for at least one instance of something. The symbol ∃ is used as the existential quantifier. Existential quantifiers are normally used in logic in → conjunction with → predicate symbols, which say something about a → variable or → constant, in this case the variable being quantified (→ quantify, → quantification).

existential; → quantifier.

existentialism
  هستیال‌باوری، هستیال‌گرایی   
hastiyâl-bâvari, hastiyâl-gerâyi

Fr.: existentialisme   

A philosophical attitude associated especially with Heidegger, Jaspers, Marcel, and  Sartre, and opposed to → rationalism and  → empiricism, that stresses the individual's  unique position as a self-determining agent responsible for the authenticity of his or  her choices (Dictionary.com).

existential; → -ism.

existentialist
  هستیال‌باور، هستیال‌گرا   
hastiyâl-bâvar, hastiyâl-gerâ

Fr.: existentialiste   

An advocate of → existentialism.

existential; → -ist.

exit
  اسرفت   
osraft

Fr.: sortie   

A way or passage out.

From L. exit "he or she goes out," from exire "to go out," from → ex- "out" + ire "to go;" cf. Gk ion " going," neut. pr.p. of ienai "to go;" Pers. ây-, â- present stem of âmadan "to come;" O.Pers. aitiy "goes;" Av. ay- "to go, to come," aēiti "goes;" Skt. e- "to come near," eti "arrival;" Goth. iddja "went," Lith. eiti "to go;" Russ. idti "to go."

Osraft, from os-, → ex- "out," + raft, raftan "to go, walk," → entrance.

exit pupil
  مردمک ِ اسرفت   
mardomak-e osraft

Fr.: pupille de sortie   

In an → optical system, the → image of the → aperture stop formed by the elements following it. See also → entrance pupil.

exit; → pupil.

exo-
  برون-   
borun- (#)

Fr.: exo-   

Prefix meaning "outside; outer; external" used in the formation of compound words: exoplanet, exosphere, exocentric.

From Gk. exo "outside," used in forming scientific terms, → ex-.

Borun-, from borun "out, the outside" (Mid.Pers. bêron, from "outside, out, away" + rôn "side, direction;" Av. ravan- "(course of a) river").

exobase
  اُسپایه، برون‌پایه   
ospâye, borunpâye

Fr.: exobase   

The altitude at which the atmosphere becomes collisionless.

exo-; → base.

exobiology
  برون‌زیست‌شناسی   
borun zistšenâsi

Fr.: exobiologie   

The study of life beyond the Earth's atmosphere, as on other planets; also → astrobiology.

exo-; → biology.

exoEarth
  برون‌زمین   
borun-zamin

Fr.: exoterre   

An → exoplanet similar to Earth.

exo- + → earth.

exolife
  برونزیست   
borunzist

Fr.: vie extraterrestre   

extraterrestrial life.

exo-; → life.

ExoMars
  اگزو-مارس   
ExoMars

Fr.: ExoMars   

A → European Space Agency (ESA) program to investigate the Martian environment and to demonstrate new technologies paving the way for a future Mars sample return mission in the 2020's. Two missions are foreseen: one consisting of an Orbiter plus an Entry, Descent and Landing Demonstrator Module (EDM), launched in 2016, and the other, featuring a rover, with a launch date of 2018. Both missions will be carried out in cooperation with Russia's Roscosmos space agency. The ExoMars program will demonstrate a number of essential flight and in-situ enabling technologies that are necessary for future exploration missions, such as an international Mars Sample Return mission. At the same time, a number of important scientific investigations will be carried out. The 2016 mission included a Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) and an EDM. The Orbiter will carry scientific instruments to detect and study atmospheric trace gases, such as methane. The EDM will contain sensors to evaluate the lander's performance as it descends, and additional sensors to study the environment at the landing site. The 2018 mission includes a rover that will carry a drill and a suite of instruments dedicated to exobiology and geochemistry research.

ExoMars, short for "→ exobiology on → Mars."

exomoon
  برونمانگ   
borunmâng

Fr.: exolune   

A natural → satellite orbiting an → extrasolar planet.

exo-; → moon.

exoplanet
  برون‌سیاره   
borun-sayyâreh

Fr.: exoplanète   

Same as → extrasolar planet.

exo- + → planet.

exoplanetary
  برون‌سیاره‌ای   
borun-sayyâre-yi

Fr.: exoplanétaire   

Of, relating to, or resembling an → exoplanet or exoplanets.

exoplanet; → -ary.

exoplanetary system
  راژمان ِ برون‌سیاره‌ای   
râſmân-e borun-sayyâre-yi

Fr.: système exoplanétaire   

A → planetary system consisting of → exoplanets orbiting a star other than Sun.

exoplanetary; → system.

exoplanetary transit
  گذر ِ برون‌سیاره‌ای   
gozar-e borun-sayyâre-yi

Fr.: transit d'exoplanète   

The passage of an → exoplanet across the face its star.

exoplanetary; → transit.

exoplanetology
  برون-سیاره‌شناسی   
borun-sayyare-šenâsi

Fr.: exoplanétologie   

The part of → astrophysics that searches and studies → extrasolar planets.

exoplanet; → -logy.

exosphere
  برون‌سپهر   
borun-sepehr

Fr.: exosphère   

1) The outermost portion of the Earth's → atmosphere. Extremely tenuous, it lies above the → ionosphere from a height of about 500 km, to the edge of → interplanetary space.
2) An extremely tenuous kind of atmosphere surrounding a → solar system body. Since the → mean free path is much greater than the atmospheric scale height. The → atoms or → molecules never collide with each other. → lunar exosphere.

exo- + → sphere.

exothermic
  گرمازا   
garmâzâ (#)

Fr.: exothermique   

Relating to or describing any process in which a system releases heat to its surrounding environment.

From → exo- + -therm, from Gk. therme "heat," from PIE *ghwerm-/*ghworm- "warm;" cf. Pers. garm "warm;" L. fornax "an oven;" O.E. wearm "warm" + → -ic.

From garmâ "heat, warmth" (Mid.Pers. garm; O.Pers./Av. garəma- "hot, warm;" cf. Skt. gharmah "heat;" Gk. thermos "warm;" L. formus "warm;" P.Gmc. *warmaz; O.E. wearm; O.H.G., Ger. warm; PIE *ghworm-/*ghwerm-, as above) + verbal adj. and agent noun of zâdan "to bring foth, give birth," (Mid.Pers. zâtan; Av. zan- "to bear, give birth to a child, be born," infinitive zazâite, zâta- "born;" cf. Skt. janati "begets, bears;" L. gignere "to beget;" PIE base *gen- "to give birth, beget").

exotic
  اسگانیک   
osgânik

Fr.: exotique   

1) Of foreign origin or character; not native; introduced from abroad, but not fully naturalized or acclimatized.
2) Strikingly unusual or strange in effect or appearance.
3) Of a uniquely new or experimental nature (Dictionary.com).
See: → exotic star.

M.E., from M.Fr. exotique and directly from L. exoticus, from Gk. exotikos "foreign," literally "from the outside," from → exo- "outside."

Osgânik, from os-, → ex-, + gân relation suffix, from Mid.Pers. -gânag, -gâna, + -ik, → -ic.


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