An Etymological Dictionary of Astronomy and Astrophysics
English-French-Persian

فرهنگ ریشه شناختی اخترشناسی-اخترفیزیک

M. Heydari-Malayeri    -    Paris Observatory

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Number of Results: 13176 Search : far
subcritical
  زیر-پرژنی   
zir-paržani

Fr.: sous-critique   

Of or pertaining to a state, value, or quantity that is less than critical, especially the condition of a → subcritical reactor.

sub-; → critical.

subcritical mass
  جرم ِ زیر-پرژنی   
jerm-e zir-paržani

Fr.: masse sous-critique   

An amount of → fissile material that by its mass or geometry is incapable of sustaining a → fission → chain reaction.

subcritical; → mass.

subcritical reactor
  واژیرگر ِ زیر-پرژنی   
vâžirgar-e zir-paržani

Fr.: réacteur sous-critique   

A → nuclear reactor in which the rate of production of → fission neutrons is lower than the rate of production in the previous generation, and therefore the number of fissions decreases over time.

subcritical; → reactor.

subduction
  زیر-هازش   
zir-hâzeš

Fr.: subduction   

Geology: The process by which one tectonic plate slides down and below another tectonic plate as the two converge. The subduction zone is the zone of convergence of two tectonic plates, one of which usually overrides the other.

From L. subductionem (nominative subductio), from subductus, p.p. of subducere "to draw away, withdraw, remove," from → sub- + ducere "to lead."

Zir-hâzeš, verbal noun of zir-hâzidan, from zir-sub- + hâzidan, hâxtan, from Mid.Pers. "to lead, guide, persuade;" Av. hak-, hacaiti "to attach oneself to, to join;" cf. Skt. sacate "accompanies, follows;" Gk. hepesthai "to follow,"; L. sequi "to follow;" PIE *sekw-.

subdwarf
  زیر-کوتوله   
zir-kutulé

Fr.: sous-naine   

A metal-poor main-sequence star with spectral type later than M7 and luminosity class VI. They are population II dwarfs which appear less luminous than their solar metallicity counterparts due to the dearth of metals in their atmospheres. Subdwarfs are halo members with high proper motions and large heliocentric velocities. They are important tracers of the chemical enrichment history of the Galaxy and belong to the first generation of stars formed in the Galaxy (at least 10 billion years old).

sub-; → dwarf.

subgiant
  زیر-غول   
zir-qul

Fr.: sous-géante   

A star with a lower absolute magnitude than a normal giant star of its → spectral type. It is a star that has exhausted the hydrogen at its center and is evolving into a → red giant. Subgiants are luminosity class IV.

sub-; → giant.

subject
  ۱، ۲، ۳) در‌آخت؛ ۴) کرین   
1, 2, 3) darâxt; 4) karin

Fr.: sujet   

1) Something that is being discussed, examined, or otherwise dealt with.
2) A branch of learning that forms a course of study.
3) Philosophy: That which thinks, feels, perceives, intends, as contrasted with the objects of thought, feeling, etc.
4) Grammar: The part of a sentence or clause referring to the person or thing that does or causes the action of a verb. In English, the subject is typically a noun ("The cat ..."), a noun phrase ("His father's first trip ..."), or a pronoun ("It ...").

M.E. suget, from O.Fr. suget, subget "a subject person or thing," from L. subjectus "placed beneath, inferior, open to inspection," noun use of p.p. of subicere "to place under," from → sub-"under" + combining form of jacere "to throw,"from PIE base *ye- "to do" (cf. Gk. iemi, ienai "to send, throw," Hitt. ijami "I make").

Darâxt "thing drawn in, under" from dar- + âxt. The prefix dar-, from preposition dar "in, into, within; on, upon, above; of, about, concerning;" from Mid.Pers. andar "in, into, within," → inter-.
The second component âxt, contraction of âxté, p.p. of âxtan, variants âhixtan, âhiz- "to draw (a sword)," âhanjidan "to draw up, pull, extract," Mid.Pers. âhixtan, âhanjitan "to draw out, pull up, extract," Av. θanj- "to draw, pull, drive;" Proto-Iranian *θanj-.
Karin, from Sogd. karênê (variant kunênê) "doer, maker," from kar-, kardan "to do, to make," → -or.

subjective
  ۱) در‌آختی؛ ۲) کرینی   
1) darâxti; 2) karini

Fr.: subjectif   

1) That which depends upon the personal or individual, especially where it is supposed to be an arbitrary expression of private taste, in contrast with the objective.
2) Grammar: Pertaining to or constituting the subject of a sentence.

Adjective of → subject.

subjectivity
  در‌آختیگی   
darâxtigi

Fr.: subjectivité   

1) The state or quality of being → subjective. Contrasted with → objectivity.
2) The interpretation based on individual personal feelings and opinions rather than on external → facts.

subjective + → -ity.

sublimation
  والایش   
vâlâyeš

Fr.: sublimation   

The process whereby a substance goes from a solid directly to a gaseous form.

From M.L. sublimationem (nominative sublimatio) "refinement," literally "a lifting up, deliverance," from L. sublimare "to raise, elevate," from sublimis "lofty."

Vâlâyeš, verbal noun from vâlâ "sublime, majestic," may be a variant of bâlâ "up, above, high, elevated, height," variants boland "high," borz "height, magnitude" (it occurs also in the name of the mountain chain Alborz), Lori dialect berg "hill, mountain;" Mid.Pers. buland "high;" O.Pers. baršan- "height;" Av. barəz- "high, mount," barezan- "height;" cf. Skt. bhrant- "high;" L. fortis "strong" (Fr. & E. force); O.E. burg, burh "castle, fortified place," from P.Gmc. *burgs "fortress;" Ger. Burg "castle," Goth. baurgs "city," E. burg, borough, Fr. bourgeois, bourgeoisie, faubourg); PIE base *bhergh- "high."

subluminous star
  ستاره‌ی ِ زیر-تابان   
setâre-ye zir-tâbân

Fr.: étoile sous-lumineuse   

A star that is less luminous than a main-sequence star of the same spectral type.

sub-; → luminous; → star.

submarine
  زیر-دریایی   
zir-daryâ-yi (#)

Fr.: sous-marin   

(Adj.) Located, occurring, operating, or living beneath the surface of the → sea.

sub- + → marine.

submarine ridge
  روک ِ زیر-دریایی   
ruk-e zir-daryâ-yi

Fr.:   

Geology: A long, steep elevation of the deep sea floor.

submarine; → ridge.

submarine spring
  چشمه‌ی ِ زیر-دریایی   
cešme-ye zir-daryâ-yi

Fr.: source sous-marine   

Hydrology: A freshwater spring that emerges off the seashore.

submarine; → spring.

submerge
  ۱) مرچیدن؛ ۲) مرچاندن   
1) marcidan; 2) marcândan

Fr.: submerger   

1) To sink or plunge under water or beneath the surface of any enveloping medium.
2) To cover or overflow with water; immerse (Dictionary.com).

From L. submergere, from → sub- + mergere "to dip, immerse;" probably by rhotacism from PIE *mezg- "to dip, plunge;" cf. Skt. majj- "to sink in water;" Lith. mazgoju "to wash."

Marcidan, from Av. mraoc- "to float, submerge;" cf. Skt. mroc/mloc "to go down, set (of the Sun), to disappear, to hide;" Kurd., Laki, Nahâvandi, Bovir-Ahmadi mala- "swim," Kurd. melâna "ship, boat," melaq "wave" may be related to this Av. form.

submillimeter
  زیر-میلیمتری   
zir-milimetri

Fr.: sub-millimétrique   

Of or pertaining to scales smaller than millimeter.

sub-; → millimeter.

submillimeter astronomy
  اخترشناسی ِ زیر-میلیمتری   
axtaršenâsi-ye zir-milimetri

Fr.: astronomie sub-millimétrique   

The study of astronomical objects with → submillimeter waves. As with millimeter-wave astronomy, this part of the spectrum is rich in lines emitted by interstellar molecules and dust.

submillimeter; → astronomy.

submillimeter galaxy (SMG)
  کهکشان ِ زیر-میلیمتری   
kahkešân-e zir-milimetri

Fr.: galaxie sub-millimétrique   

A member of an extremely luminous population of → high-redshift galaxies which are detected in → submillimeter waves (→ flux density at 850 μm ≥ 3 - 5 mJy). SMGs are powered primarily by star formation rather than an → active galactic nucleus (AGN). Because of their high → dust content, these galaxies emit almost all of their luminosity in the infrared, with a → bolometric luminosity ranging from 1012-1013 → solar luminosities. As such, SMGs resemble → ultraluminous infrared galaxies (ULIRGs), which are almost exclusively → merging galaxies. Indeed, many observations support a → merger origin for SMGs (see, e.g. C.C. Hayward et al. 2011 and references therein, astro-ph/1101.0002).

submillimeter; → galaxy.

submillimeter radiation
  تابش ِ زیر-میلیمتری   
tâbeš-e zir-milimetri

Fr.: rayonnement sub-millimétrique   

That part of the → electromagnetic radiation with a → wavelength beyond 300 → microns.

submillimeter; → radiation.

submillimeter wave
  موج ِ زیر-میلیمتری   
mowj-e zir-milimetri

Fr.: onde sub-millimétrique   

An electromagnetic wave having wavelengths less than one millimeter (frequencies greater than 300 gigahertz).

millimeter; → wave.


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